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There have been few books devoted to the study of phonons, a major area of condensed matter physics. The Physics of Phonons is a comprehensive theoretical discussion of the most important topics, including some topics not previously presented in book form. Although primarily theoretical in approach, the author refers to experimental results wherever possible, ensuring an ideal book for both experimental and theoretical researchers. The author begins with an introduction to crystal symmetry and continues with a discussion of lattice dynamics in the harmonic approximation, including the traditional phenomenological approach and the more recent ab initio approach, detailed for the first time in...
This book covers synthesis, characterization, and applications of diverse types of nanomaterials. Specifically, it describes carbon, graphene, and graphene oxide-based nanomaterials and their use for environmental remediation; rare-earth ions-activated nanophosphors and their application; lanthanide-based oxides as advanced nanostructured materials for organic decontamination; and advanced functional nanomaterials for pollutant sensing and water remediation. The chapters explore the use of nanomaterials in solid-phase extraction technique, design of colorimetric sensor based on gold nanoparticles, optical sources and waveguides based on flexible 1D nanomaterials, synthesis and property chara...
Thedemandfore?cientthermalmanagementhasincreasedsubstantiallyover the last decade in every imaginable area, be it a formula 1 racing car suddenly braking to decelerate from 200 to 50 mph going around a sharp corner, a space shuttle entering the earth’s atmosphere, or an advanced microproc- sor operating at a very high speed. The temperatures at the hot junctions are extremely high and the thermal ?ux can reach values higher than a few 2 hundred to a thousand watts/cm in these applications. To take a speci?c example of the microelectronics area, the chip heat ?ux for CMOS microp- cessors, though moderate compared to the numbers mentioned above have 2 already reached values close to 100 W/cm...
The state-of-the-art theoretical studies of ground state properties, electronic states and atomic vibrations for bulk semiconductors and their surfaces by the application of the pseudopotential method are discussed. Studies of bulk and surface phonon modes have been extended by the application of the phenomenological bond charge model. The coverage of the material, especially of the rapidly growing and technologically important topics of surface reconstruction and chemisorption, is up-to-date and beyond what is currently available in book form. Although theoretical in nature, the book provides a good deal of discussion of available experimental results. Each chapter provides an adequate list of references, relevant for both theoretical and experimental studies. The presentation is coherent and self-contained, and is aimed at the postgraduate and postdoctoral levels.
An innovative, unified, and comprehensive treatment of the geometric and electronic structure of surfaces. The book emphasizes fundamental aspects, such as the principles of surface crystallography and thermodynamics, the forces driving the rearrangement of the atoms, and the relationship between bonding and electronic structure. It especially illuminates the relationship between surface orientation, chemistry, energetics, and the resulting properties. Principles of Surface Physics develops general physical arguments and methods that enable readers to analyse novel surfaces and interfaces of new materials. This makes the book an indispensable reference to all those studying growth, surface-molecule interactions, self-assembled structures, and materials engineering.
‘Which school should I choose for my child?’ For many parents, this question is one of the most important of their lives. ‘School choice’ is a slogan being voiced around the globe, conjuring images of a marketplace with an abundance of educational options. Those promoting educational choice also promise equality, social advantage, autonomy, and self-expression to families. But what does this globalisation of school choice actually look like on the ground? This collection brings together educationalists, anthropologists, and sociologists who use a rich array of empirical data to understand the complex realities of school choice across a range of political and social settings: in Argen...
Geographic Information Systems: Case Studies in Environmental Monitoring provides detailed remote sensing and GIS methods, algorithms and technology comparisons focusing on a wide range of environmental applications. The geoinformation technologies are demonstrated through templated case studies detailing real world use of the techniques and clarifying methods, tools and practical solutions to environmental mapping and monitoring. The book utilizes remote sensing and geospatial data from the most recently launched satellites,and applies the latest geospatial data approaches and analysis software tools (both commercial and open source). Geographic Information Systems: Case Studies in Environm...
Papers presented at the International Conference on Phonons in Condensed Materials, held at Bhopal during 20-23 January 2003.
Experimental advances in helium atom scattering spectroscopy over the last forty years have allowed the measurement of surface phonon dispersion curves of more than 200 different crystal surfaces and overlayers of insulators, semiconductors and metals. The first part of the book presents, at a tutorial level, the fundamental concepts and methods in surface lattice dynamics, and the theory of atom-surface interaction and inelastic scattering in their various approximations, up to the recent electron-phonon theory of helium atom scattering from conducting surfaces. The second part of the book, after introducing the experimentalist to He-atom spectrometers and the rich phenomenology of helium a...
As a result of the advancements in algorithms and the huge increase in speed of computers over the past decade, electronic structure calculations have evolved into a valuable tool for characterizing surface species and for elucidating the pathways for their formation and reactivity. It is also now possible to calculate, including electric field effects, STM images for surface structures. To date the calculation of such images has been dominated by density functional methods, primarily because the computational cost of - curate wave-function based calculations using either realistic cluster or slab models would be prohibitive. DFT calculations have proven especially valuable for elucidating c...