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This Research Topic eBook includes articles from Volume I and II of The Future of Physiology: 2020 and Beyond series: Research Topic “The Future of Physiology: 2020 and Beyond, Volume I” Research Topic “The Future of Physiology: 2020 and Beyond, Volume II” The term Physiology was introduced in the 16th century by Jean Francois Fernel to describe the study of the normal function of the body as opposed to pathology, the study of disease. Over the ensuing centuries, the concept of physiology has evolved and a central tenet that unites all the various sub-disciplines of physiology has emerged: the quest to understand how the various components of an organism from the sub-cellular and cel...
The increasing mean age of the population in developed countries has turned out to be an economic and social problem. Cardiovascular disease has long been considered to be age related in terms of their onset and progression. As such, we can say that the increase in life expectancy goes in parallel with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease. With age, a number of changes occur in the vasculature altering the homeostasis of the irrigated organs promoting target organ damage. While different adaptive mechanisms to protect vessels against mild stress have been described, the aging process induces a progressive failure of protective mechanisms, leading to vascular changes and higher susce...
Resistance arteries have been recognized for some time as key factors in the regulation of vascular flow resistance, where they determine the regional and local distribution of blood and arterial pressure. Chapters provide an overview of the physiological, biochemical, and electrophysiological characteristics of these vessels, as well as a critical evaluation of the methodologies for studying small arteries and an examination of the membrane and neural mechanisms involved in the control of vascular tone.
About 40 % of current atomic force microscopy (AFM) research is performed in liquids, making liquid-based AFM a rapidly growing and important tool for the study of biological materials. This book focuses on the underlying principles and experimental aspects of AFM under liquid, with an easy-to-follow organization intended for new AFM scientists. The book also serves as an up-to-date review of new AFM techniques developed especially for biological samples. Aimed at physicists, materials scientists, biologists, analytical chemists, and medicinal chemists. An ideal reference book for libraries. From the contents: Part I: General Atomic Force Microscopy * AFM: Basic Concepts * Carbon Nanotube Ti...
Reflex Control of the Circulation presents an interdisciplinary discussion of concepts in the reflex control of circulation. This volume describes aspects of autonomic receptor physiology, central pathways of reflex control, the electrophysiology of cardiovascular afferents, the interaction between reflexes, the autonomic control of regional blood flows, the autonomic control of fluid and electrolyte balance, and neurohumoral control of the circulation through normal and pathological states (e.g., hypertension, congestive heart failure). In addition, the regulation of regional blood flow during exercise and developmental aspects of reflex control are examined. Any researcher interested in the autonomic system and its role in circulation will find this book fascinating reading.
The Physiology and Pharmacology of the Microcirculation, Volume 1 discusses the biochemistry, metabolism, pharmacology, and physiology of the general microcirculation. This volume is organized into nine chapters that explore the microcirculation in several organ systems, such as brain, eye, heart, and kidney. The introductory chapters treat the biochemistry of isolated elements of the microvasculature, with special emphasis on the central nervous system. These chapters also explore the microvascular element and the vascular smooth muscle, focusing on their ultrastructural characteristics, inne ...