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Working Paper
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Gender, Age, and Reciprocity
This paper, based on fieldwork in two African cities, shows that gender in combination with position in the life cycle brings about major differences for women and men in familial obligations. While in school or other training, males and females alike are supported by networks of relatives that span urban and rural areas and, with financial independence, the young professionals start to reciprocate. For the advancing professionals, however, marriage entails changes which are highly influenced by gender. Men are expected to continue or even increase the support of their natal family and also to invest in their home community, thus earning status and possible formal titles. In contrast, women become members of their husbands' families which they now have to support in addition to their own natal family. Because this does not lead to status increase or title holdership for women, they remain more oriented toward town; their urban-rural connection is more person-oriented and may even end when personal rural contacts cease to exist.
The Migration Experience in Africa
South Africa, by Christian M. Rogerson
Managing Motherhood, Managing Risk
In Managing Motherhood, Managing Risk, Denise Roth Allen persuasively argues that development interventions in the Third World often have unintended and unacknowledged consequences. Based on twenty-two months of fieldwork in the Shinyanga Region of west central Tanzania, this rich and engaging ethnography of women's fertility-related experiences highlights the processes by which a set of seemingly well-intentioned international maternal health policy recommendations go awry when implemented at the local level. An exploration of how threats to maternal health have been defined and addressed at the global, national, and local levels, Managing Motherhood, Managing Risk presents two contrasting,...
Migration and Economy
Trager and her coauthors focus on migration not as a single event but as a dynamic process that responds to and is shaped by broader economic, cultural and social forces. Individual essays consider issues of international and internal migration, of voluntary migration and forced movements due to civil conflicts and environmental degradation, and of macro-level forces and micro-level institutions. The authors investigate a wide variety of types of mobility, describe transnational and multilocal networks through which remittances and other flows take place; focus on migrants as active agents; and examine the impacts of ethnicity and assimilation. They offer original studies on Mexico, Puerto Rico, West Africa, Kazakstan, and Mozambique. This new volume will be a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in development anthropology, migration studies, and international planning and policy.
Historical Dictionary of Women in Sub-Saharan Africa
African women’s history is a vast topic that embraces a wide variety of societies in over 50 countries with different geographies, social customs, religions, and historical situations. Africa is a predominantly agricultural continent, and a major factor in African agriculture is the central role of women as farmers. It is estimated that between 65 and 80 percent of African women are engaged in cultivating food for their families, and in the past that percentage was likely even higher. Thus, one common thread across much of the continent is women’s daily work in their family plot. This second edition of Historical Dictionary of Women in Sub-Saharan Africa contains a chronology, an introdu...
