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1 Brief an [N.N.]
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Muheim Gustav (1851-1917).
Zeitungsausschnitte.
A Contested Nation
This book examines the ways in which the Swiss defined their national identity in the long nineteenth century, in the face of a changing domestic and international background. Its narrative begins in 1761, when the first Swiss patriotic society of national significance was founded, and ends in 1891, when the Swiss celebrated their 600-year existence as a nation in a monumental national festival. While conceding that the creation of a nation-state in 1848 marked a watershed in the history of Swiss nation-formation, the author does not focus one-sidedly - as many others have done - on the activities of the nationalizing state. Instead, he attributes a key role to the competitive and contentious struggles over the shaping of public institutions and over the symbolic representation of the nation. These struggles, to which the nation-state and civil society contributed in equal measure, were framed increasingly along national lines.
Spaces for Shaping the Nation
As spaces of knowledge, the national museums and galleries of nineteenth-century Europe played an important role both in the shaping of nation-states and the education of their populations. In this context, such institutions sought to convey the history of the people, for example by displaying pictorial cycles of important scenes from their history, exhibiting objects associated with certain formative events, or arraying period rooms to promote a specific impression of the past. The contributions to this volume examine the purposes and educational strategies of national museums and national galleries via case studies from Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, and Switzerland.
Heads of State and Government
Macmillan published the first edition of this text in 1985. It is a detailed reference to world leaders, monarchs, presidents and their equivalents, executive leaders plus other positions with authority vested in them; heads of ruling communist parties, military junta heads and some leaders with no formal post, but who wield supreme authority. This text is a reference to leaders, past and present, of the countries of the world. The second edition updates the first and includes the far reaching political changes which have taken place in Eastern Europe and the emergence of new states. The scope of the book has been broadened to include more international organisations, more regional government leaders, more governments in exile and colonial governors of the twentieth century.
