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Many drugs and other xenobiotics (e.g., preservatives, insecticides, and plastifiers) contain hydrolyzable moieties such as ester or amide groups. In biological media, such foreign compounds are, therefore, important substrates for hydrolytic reactions catalyzed by hydrolases or proceeding non-enzymatically. Despite their significance, until now, no book has been dedicated to hydrolysis and hydrolases in the metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics. This work fills a gap in the literature and reviews metabolic reactions of hydrolysis and hydarion from the point of views of enzymes, substrates, and reactions.
Properties and Formulation: From Theory to Real-World Application Scientists have attributed more than 40 percent of the failures in new drug development to poor biopharmaceutical properties, particularly water insolubility. Issues surrounding water insolubility can postpone or completely derail important new drug development. Even the much-needed reformulation of currently marketed products can be significantly affected by these challenges. More recently it was reported that the percentage increased to 90% for the candidates of new chemical entities in the discovery stage and 75% for compounds under development. In the most comprehensive resource on the topic, this third edition of Water-In...
These volumes represent a comprehensive guide to prodrugs. They guide the reader through the current status of the prodrug concept and its many applications and highlight its many successes in overcoming formulation and delivery of problematic drugs. Replete with examples of approved and marketed prodrugs, these volumes introduce the topic to the novice as well as professional in the design of prodrugs.
According to most studies, allergic reactions represent 35%-50% of all untoward reactions to drugs, yet the pharmacological literature concerning the clinical aspects, diagnosis, and pathophysiological mechanisms of drug allergy is markedly less extensive than reports dealing with the toxicological or pharmacological effects of drugs. The main reasons for this state of affairs may be on the one hand that until a few years ago the pathophysiological mechanisms of the various types of allergic reactions were not well understood, and on the other hand that objective diagnosis of a drug allergy is still fraught with serious difficulties. Drug allergy is still an unpopular topic for most allergol...
Over the years researchers have reported solubility data in the chemical, pharmaceutical, engineering, and environmental literature for several thousand organic compounds. Until now, this information has been scattered throughout the literature. Containing over 16,000 solubility data points for more than 4,000 organic compounds, Handbook of Aqueous
Recent years have seen enormous advances in the field of protein and peptide engineering and a greater understanding in the way in which biological response modifiers function in the body. It is now possible through the use of recombinant DNA techniques, or by solid phase protein synthesis, to produce significant quantities of a wide variety of regulatory agents that are therapeutically applicable. The list of these response modifiers expands almost daily to include interferons, macrophage activation factors, neuropeptides and agents that may have potential in cardiovascular disease, inflammation, contraception etc. Prospects to use some of these materials in medicine have reached the stage ...
The Book Entitled, An Introduction To Drug Design Aims To Optimize The Discovery Of Drugs At A Low Cost And On Occasions To Change Their Pharmacokinetic And Pharmacodyanamic Properties. The Introductory Chapter Which Forms The Basis Of Drug Discovery Is Followed By The Present-Day Thinking Regarding The Best Approaches To Drug Discovery Are Considered. Similarly, There Have Been Major Advances In The Employment Of Computers In Structure-Activity Analysis, And A Discussion Of The State Of The Art In This Area Is Also Included.The Chapter On Qsar Highlights The Role Of Physico-Chemical Parameters In Predicting The Future Course Of Drug Discovery With Rational Drug Design. The Role Of Enzymes In Drug Action Is Well Established, And A Chapter On Design Of Enzyme Inhibitors Is Well Documented. In Addition, The Increased Understanding Of The Design And Utilisation Of Prodrugs Has Led To A Discussion Of The Relevant Issues In This Text.Thus The Book Will Fill The Need Of A Text For Designing New Drugs And The Principles Of New Drug Discovery.
From the Preface At the time of this writing, the American biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry has more than two dozen biotechnology-derived therapeutic proteins on the market, while several hundred are in various stages of human clinical trials or at the FDA for review. Today, more than a thousand companies are involved in biotechnology research, with a total revenue of $7.7 billion for 1993. Therapeutic peptides and proteins are expected to mitigate suffering in coming years as anticancer agents, hormones, growth factors, analgesics, anti-hypertensives, and thrombolytics, among others. However, the clinical application of these therapeutic peptides and proteins is limited by several ...