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Dealings with God
Early modern European society took a serious view of blasphemy, and drew upon a wide range of sanctions - including the death penalty - to punish those who cursed, swore and abused God. Whilst such attitudes may appear draconian today, this study makes clear that in the past, blasphemy was regarded as a very real threat to society. Based on a wealth of primary sources, including court records, theological and ecclesiastical writings and official city statutes, Francisca Loetz explores verbal forms of blasphemy and the variety of contexts within which it could occur. Honour conflicts, theological disputation, social and political provocation, and religious self-questioning all proved fertile ...
Making Manslaughter: Process, Punishment and Restitution in Württemberg and Zurich, 1376-1700
In Making Manslaughter, Susanne Pohl-Zucker offers parallel studies that trace the legal settlement of homicide in the duchy of Württemberg and the imperial city of Zurich between 1376 and 1700. Killings committed by men during disputes were frequently resolved by extrajudicial agreements during the late Middle Ages. Around 1500, customary strategies of dispute settlement were integrated and modified within contexts of increasing legal centralization and, in Württemberg, negotiated with the growing influence of the ius commune. Legal practice was characterized by indeterminacy and openness: categories and procedures proved flexible, and judicial outcomes were produced by governmental policies aimed at the re-establishment of peace as well as by the strategies and goals of all disputants involved in a homicide case. See inside the book.
Empowering Interactions
The emergence of the state in Europe is a topic that has engaged historians since the establishment of the discipline of history. Yet the primary focus of has nearly always been to take a top-down approach, whereby the formation and consolidation of public institutions is viewed as the outcome of activities by princes and other social elites. Yet, as the essays in this collection show, such an approach does not provide a complete picture. By investigating the importance of local and individual initiatives that contributed to state building from the late middle ages through to the nineteenth century, this volume shows how popular pressure could influence those in power to develop new institut...
Corruption, Protection and Justice in Medieval Europe
What was an “advocate” (Latin: advocatus; German: Vogt) in the Middle Ages? What responsibilities came with the position and how did they change over time? With this groundbreaking study, Jonathan R. Lyon challenges the standard narrative of a “medieval” Europe of feudalism and lordship being replaced by a “modern” Europe of government, bureaucracy and the state. By focusing on the position of advocate, he argues for continuity in corrupt practices of justice and protection between 750 and 1800. This book traces the development of the role of church advocate from the Carolingian period onward and explains why this position became associated with the violent abuse of power on churches' estates. When other types of advocates became common in and around Germany after 1250, including territorial and urban advocates, they were not officeholders in developing bureaucracies. Instead, they used similar practices to church advocates to profit illicitly from their positions, which calls into question scholarly arguments about the decline of violent lordship and the rise of governmental accountability in European history.
The City-State in Europe, 1000-1600
In this, the first comprehensive study of city-states in medieval Europe, Tom Scott analyzes reasons for cities' aquisitions of territory and how they were governed. He argues that city-states did not wither after 1500, but survived by transformation and adaption.
November 1741 – Oktober 1742
Mehrere Monate hält sich Gottsched im Sommer 1742 zusammen mit seiner Frau in Dresden auf, um die Universität auf dem sächsischen Landtag zu vertreten. Seine von hier aus geführte Korrespondenz gewährt Einblicke über Ereignisse in der Residenzstadt und zeigt Gottsched im Gespräch mit seinem Leipziger Bekanntenkreis, der sich ansonsten nur mündlich vollzog. Die meisten Briefe werden mit der Familie des Reichsgrafen Manteuffel gewechselt, der sich nach seiner Ausweisung aus Berlin in Leipzig niedergelassen hat. Ein Schwerpunkt des allgemeinen Briefwechsels bildet weiterhin das Theater. Gottscheds wichtigste Ansprechpartner sind dabei Schauspieler und Dramenautoren. Einige Aufmerksamkeit findet auch der beginnende Österreichische Erbfolgekrieg und die Wahl Kaiser Karls VII. in Frankfurt/M. Sichtbar an Bedeutung gewinnen die Auseinandersetzungen mit Gottscheds Kritikern Bodmer und Breitinger in Zürich. Dabei ist es Gottsched vor allem daran gelegen, Verbündete gegen die „Schweizer“ zu finden.
Die Dignität des Ereignisses
"The study examines the published and unpublished historical works and materials written by the Zurich Reformer Heinrich Bullinger primarily considering the Reformation History preserved in his handwritten manuscript from the 1560s. Its origin, sources, and his applied work processes are analyzed in the context of the theological assumptions and methodological claims of Bullinger's historiography, which are also classified and examined against the background of early modern humanist and confessional historiography. The history of reception and influence of Bullinger's Reformation History are another aspect of this analysis of what came to be a foundational source for later Reformation historians. In addition to this investigation, numerous unpublished source materials by Bullinger are edited, and detailed descriptions of extant transcripts are documented"--Publisher's website, June 29, 2012.
Der frühe Zürcher Pietismus (1689–1721)
Wer waren die Zürcher Pietistinnen und Pietisten im ausgehenden 17. und beginnenden 18. Jahrhundert, als sich die Frömmigkeitsbewegung zu formieren begann? Aus welchem sozialen Milieu stammten sie? Was beschäftigte und was lasen sie? Was waren ihre Hoffnungen, und wie verhielten sie sich gegenüber ihrer sozialen Umgebung? Auf breiter Quellenbasis geht Kaspar Bütikofer diesen Fragen nach. Neben Akten aus zwei Pietistenprozessen wertet er insbesondere die Bibliothek sowie die Lebenszeugnisse des pietistischen Kaufmanns, Johann Heinrich Locher (1648–1718), aus, die die Denk- und Lebenswelt des Zürcher Pietismus erschließen. Abschließend untersucht er die Beteiligung der pietistischen Reformbewegung an den Verfassungsunruhen von 1713.
