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Special Report
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Carbon Price, Innovation, and Firm Competitiveness
Using China's regional carbon market pilots as a natural experiment, we examine the impacts of the emission trading system (ETS) on firms' innovation and competitiveness. We show that the ETS directs innovation towards climate-friendly technologies; it increases the climate patent ratio by 2.1 percentage points, equivalent to a 20.5 percent increase in the total climate patent counts. We find no evidence that the ETS harms firms' profitability and productivity, partly due to the beneficial effect of climate innovation. We demonstrate early climate innovators can gain competitive advantages after the ETS launch. The climate patents accumulated before the ETS enable regulated firms to improve total factor productivity and financial performance.
Telling Stories with Data
Extensive code examples. Ethics integrated throughout. Reproducibility integrated throughout. Focus on data gathering, messy data, and cleaning data. Extensive formative assessment throughout.
The Effects of Exports on Facility Environmental Performance
This paper employs matching techniques to investigate the effects of facility export status on environmental performance. Using facility-level criteria air emission data in the U.S. manufacturing industry, we find the industry-specific effects of export status on emission intensity, measured by emissions per value of sale. In some industries, there is consistent and robust evidence supporting the superior environmental performance of exporters relative to non-exporters in terms of emission intensity for all criteria air pollutants tracked. In other industries, we find weak evidence that exporters appear to have a higher emission intensity than non-exporters. This industrial heterogeneity in the effects of exporting on the environment is closely related to industrial characteristics including pollution abatement capital expenditure, trade costs, capital intensity and others.
Innovation, Technology Scope and Firm Productivity
In this paper, we examine the relationship between productivity and innovation, using the U.S. manufacturers' patent data from 1976-2006. First, we investigate whether productive firms actively participate in innovation in terms of having more patents. We then examine whether their innovation activities are involved in a wide spectrum of technological categories. Moreover, we are interested in, to successfully develop a new patent in a certain technological field, whether productive firms need to cite more or less patents within the field and/or across various related fields. The firm-level productivity is estimated as the total factor productivity (TFP). We find that: (1) productivity is po...
Induced Clean Technology Adoption and International Trade with Heterogeneous Firms
This paper introduces an environmental externality and factor-biased technology adoption into a trade model with heterogeneous firms. This study explores how firms' decisions of technology adoption and of exports are affected by openness to trade and the stringency of environmental regulations. I show: (i) these decisions induced by tightened environmental policies depend upon whether the upgraded technology is labor-biased or emission-biased; (ii) the environmental impact of trade cost reductions on the aggregate emissions and price of emissions permits varies with the factor-biased feature; and (iii) regardless of the factor-biased feature, the trade cost reduction induces firms to export and to upgrade the factor-biased technology, while it forces the least productive firms to exit the market. Moreover, this study calibrates the model and simulates scenarios for bilateral and unilateral policy variations in trade variable costs and environmental policies. The effects of the unilateral stringent environmental policies on emissions leakage and social welfare in home and foreign countries are examined.
Critical Readings on Tang China
The Tang dynasty, lasting from 618 to 907, was the high point of medieval Chinese history, featuring unprecedented achievements in governmental organization, economic and territorial expansion, literature, the arts, and religion. Many Tang practices continued, with various developments, to influence Chinese society for the next thousand years. For these and other reasons the Tang has been a key focus of Western sinologists. This volume presents English-language reprints of fifty-seven critical studies of the Tang, in the three general categories of political history, literature and cultural history, and religion. The articles and book chapters included here are important scholarly benchmarks that will serve as the starting-point for anyone interested in the study of medieval China.
Impacts of US Biodiesel Mandates on World Vegetable Oil Markets
In this paper we seek to understand the impact of expanded use of soybean oil biodiesel to address biofuel mandates on global vegetable oil markets, and in particular on the demand for palm oil. An open-economy equilibrium model is derived to investigate the market effects of biodiesel expansion on related energy and vegetable oil markets. The model is calibrated to represent the recent benchmark data in calendar year 2011. The simulation estimates suggest that the expanded use of soy oil for biodiesel in the US will have considerable impacts on world vegetable oils markets. The majority of the vegetable oil replacement is likely to occur through substitution of palm oil under a wide range of plausible elasticity values on the demand for vegetable oil and the demand substitution between soy oils and palm oils.
