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Jätteen termisen käsittelyn tuhkien ja kuonien käsittely- ja sijoitusmahdollisuudet
Abstract: Treatment and disposal options for residues from thermal treatment of waste.
Risk assessment framework for management of the factor 3 rule in the Council Decision 2003/33/EC on waste acceptance criteria
EU landfill directive defines three categories of landfills: landfills for inert waste, for normal waste and for hazardous waste. Criteria for which waste may be disposed at each type of landfill are also given. They consist primarily in limit values for the leaching of inorganic components. It is however possible to allow higher limit values for specific waste and components. However, this requires a risk assessment to demonstrate that this represents no additional risks to the environment. This report provides guidance on possible approaches to a risk assessment in cases where deviations from the landfill regulations are considered and to point out key issues to be taken into account. A proposal for an approach to be used in the impact assessment is presented. The focus is primarily on inorganic constituents. The results of this project may be used in the development of national guidelines on deviation from EU landfill criteria.
Hazardous waste classification
In European legislation, waste is classified either as hazardous or non-hazardous. Hazardous waste is a waste that due to its (intrinsic) chemical or other properties poses a risk to the environment and/or human health. The legislation for waste classification was revised in 2014 in order to align it with the chemical legislation, the CLP Regulation, but some criteria and assessment procedures for the interpretation of the hazardousness were left open. Waste classification has several implications on the waste management. This report presents challenges in the hazardous waste classification. In this report, the authors express their views on the interpretation of the waste status, especially focusing on the potentially recyclable high volume waste streams. Also recommendations for the assessement of some hazardous properties are included.
Consequences of Revised Criteria for Hazardous Waste Classification in the Nordic Countries
This report illustrates the consequences for hazardous waste classification in the Nordic countries by introducing leaching criteria (Criterion H15). Data on secondary aggregates and waste were compared to the proposed H15 criterion and the amounts of waste exceeding the criteria were evaluated. The quality of leaching data and waste statistics varies considerably between countries and waste types. Therefore it is not possible to give a precise estimate of how much waste would have to be classified as hazardous waste if the proposed leaching criteria were introduced. However, the collected data indicated that the amount of contaminated soil, municipal waste incineration bottom ash, fly ash (...
Waste Materials in Construction
This volume presents the proceedings of the International Conference on The Science and Engineering of Recycling for Environmental Protection (WASCON 2000), of which a number of themes have been identified. All are inter-related and inter-dependent in so far as potential users of secondary, recovered or recycled material have to be assured that the material is environmentally safe and stable. It is the environmental challenge that forms a leading theme for the conference, and the themes of quality assurance and quality control support this aspect. In terms of use of 'recovered' materials, science and engineering play important and inter-dependent roles and this is reflected in themes which f...
Waste to Profit
Waste to Profit: Environmental Concerns and Sustainable Development gives information about selecting the most suitable technology for waste treatment and energy recovery under different conditions. It contains techno-economic analysis, life cycle assessment, optimization of tools and technologies, including overview of various technologies involved in the treatment of wastes and factors influencing the involved processes. Finally, it explores the environmental, socioeconomic, and sustainability impact of different waste-to-energy systems. Features: Reviews energy sources and technologies from waste, their environmental interactions, and the relevant global energy policies Provides overview ...
Treatment Methods for Waste to be Landfilled
The legal framework establishes criteria for the acceptance of waste at landfills. That means that certain types of waste require specific treatment prior to landfilling in order to meet the waste acceptance criteria (WAC). This project presents a compilation and evaluation of existing information on treatment methods and technology for selected types of "problem waste" that does not comply with WAC. For some waste types the same treatment methods may be applied to improve their properties in relation to reuse. Three waste streams were selected: bottom ash and residues from air pollution control from municipal solid waste incinerator, and shredder residues. Residues from air pollution contro...
