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This book gives a concise review of the known human retroviruses; the onco-retroviruses HTLV-1 and -2 and the AIDS-associated lentiviruses HIV-1 and -2. History, classification, general and genomic structure, and basic biologic facts of retroviruses are described in introductory chapters. Subsequent chapters deal with the epidemiology, disease spectrum, structure and functions of the viral genes and proteins of the individual viruses. A separate chapter describes the various humoral and cellular immune mechanisms in response to HIV and their use with respect to diagnosis and treatment. Special attention is given to the complicated pathogenesis of AIDS and the consequences with regard to ther...
This latest addition to the Methods in Molecular Medicine series, Anti- ral Methods and Protocols, is opportune because there is an increasing int- est in discovering compounds that are effective against both chronic and acute viral infections. A number of the methods described in the volume are unp- lished and their inclusion indicates the speed at which this field is moving. This volume is not a review but each chapter contains methods validated by the experts who have spent time in developing the protocols. The hallmark of this series is the comprehensive way in which the me- ods are described, which includes a list of all the reagents needed for each protocol. Of importance is the section on tips and pitfalls that the authors have discovered while developing their protocols. The manual itself is designed to be used by researchers in universities and industry who are familiar with a range of biological techniques but who want to set up quickly a novel assay system. We encourage a dialog between readers and authors, which may also result in useful collaborations.
Elaborating on the concepts first introduced in Global Public Goods, this book addresses the long overdue issue of how to adjust the concept of public goods to today's economic and political realities. The production of global public goods requires the orchestration of initiatives by a large number of diverse actors across different levels and sectors. It may require the collaboration of governments, business and civil society, and in most cases it almost certainly calls for an effective linkage of the local, national, regional, and global levels. In light of today's new realities, this book examines a series of managerial and political challenges that pertain to the design and implementatio...
Is cancer a contagious disease? In the late nineteenth century this idea, and attending efforts to identify a cancer “germ,” inspired fear and ignited controversy. Yet speculation that cancer might be contagious also contained a kernel of hope that the strategies used against infectious diseases, especially vaccination, might be able to subdue this dread disease. Today, nearly one in six cancers are thought to have an infectious cause, but the path to that understanding was twisting and turbulent. A Contagious Cause is the first book to trace the century-long hunt for a human cancer virus in America, an effort whose scale exceeded that of the Human Genome Project. The government’s ...
Society was not prepared in 1981 for the appearance of a new infectious disease, but we have since learned that emerging and reemerging diseases will continue to challenge humanity. AIDS at 30 is the first history of HIV/AIDS written for a general audience that emphasizes the medical response to the epidemic. Award-winning medical historian Victoria A. Harden approaches the AIDS virus from philosophical and intellectual perspectives in the history of medical science, discussing the process of scientific discovery, scientific evidence, and how laboratories found the cause of AIDS and developed therapeutic interventions. Similarly, her book places AIDS as the first infectious disease to be rec...
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Ziel von Beratung ist es, zur Bewältigung eines Problems zu befähigen. Es geht darum, das schwierig gewordene Leben wieder meistern zu lernen. Dies gilt auch für die Beratung von Organisationen. Dabei sind aus dem pädagogischen Diskurs um Individualberatung bekannte Fragen neu zu stellen, z.B. inwieweit Beratung Partei nimmt oder wie sich Beraterrolle, -techniken und -phasen zueinander verhalten. Zum anderen entstehen aber auch neue, auf das Verhältnis von Organisation und Beratung zugeschnittene Fragen: Wie verläuft organisationsinterne Beratung ohne professionelle Beratung? Wie verhalten sich Beratungsprozesse auf individueller, kollektiver und organisationaler Ebene zueinander? Was haben Beratungsdienste und Beratungsunternehmen gemein und wie unterscheiden sie sich? Wie wirkt Organisationsberatung und wie kann sie evaluiert werden? Der Band gibt einen Überblick über die deutschsprachige Forschung zu diesen und anderen Fragen der Beratung in und von Organisationen.
Seit Langem wird erwartet, dass sich die Lehramtsausbildung vor allem durch eine Ausweitung von Praxisphasen im Studium verbessern lässt. An ein breites fachdidaktisches wie fachpraktisches Publikum gerichtet, versammelt der vorliegende Band konzeptionelle Beiträge und erste empirische Befunde, die sich speziell mit universitären Praxisphasen im Geschichtsstudium befassen. Einem fachspezifischen Fokus folgend, behandeln die Beiträge unter anderem das Verhältnis von Fachwissenschaft und Fachdidaktik sowie die Frage, ob ein Mehr an Praxis die Professionalisierung angehender Geschichtslehrpersonen tatsächlich unterstützt.