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National Races
National Races explores how politics interacted with transnational science in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This interaction produced powerful, racialized national identity discourses whose influence continues to resonate in today’s culture and politics. Ethnologists, anthropologists, and raciologists compared modern physical types with ancient skeletal finds to unearth the deep prehistoric past and true nature of nations. These scientists understood certain physical types to be what Richard McMahon calls “national races,” or the ageless biological essences of nations. Contributors to this volume address a central tension in anthropological race classification. On one h...
Racializing the Soldier
Racializing the Soldier explores the impact of racial beliefs on the formation and development of modern armed forces and the ways in which these forces have been presented and historicized from a global perspective. With a wide geographical and temporal spread, the collection looks at the disparate ways that race has influenced military development. In particular, it explores the extent to which ideas of racial hierarchy and type have conditioned thinking about what kinds of soldiers should be used and in what roles. This volume offers a highly original military, social and cultural history, questioning the borders both of racialization and of the military itself. It considers the extent to...
Doing Anthropology in Wartime and War Zones
World War I marks a well-known turning point in anthropology, and this volume is the first to examine the variety of forms it took in Europe. Distinct national traditions emerged and institutes were founded, partly due to collaborations with the military. Researchers in the cultural sciences used war zones to gain access to »informants«: prisoner-of-war and refugee camps, occupied territories, even the front lines. Anthropologists tailored their inquiries to aid the war effort, contributed to interpretations of the war as a »struggle« between »races«, and assessed the »warlike« nature of the Balkan region, whose crises were key to the outbreak of the Great War.
Oswald Menghin
The fundamental idea of this book is to show – based on the example of Oswald Menghin, Minister of Education of the National Socialist Austrian “Anschluss”-government, and the networks surrounding him – how science and politics were interwoven in Austria in the first half of the 20th century and how the ideas and networks created in that milieu outlasted the alleged caesurae of this period and found continuation in post-war South America. As Menghin traversed an astonishing number of political upheavals and changes – time after time in exalted positions –, his biography may be considered as paradigmatic for the Age of Extremes. The following aspects form the core interest of this book: (1) Menghin’s position in the political and scientific field, as well as the interconnection between these spheres. (2) The transnational entanglement between the two central areas of Menghin’s geographic spheres of action. (3) Continuities and changes both in Menghin’s biography and in a broader political and scientific context in Austria and Argentina. (4) Menghin’s scope of action and the extent of his responsibility for crucial and often dire developments in all these facets.
Die "Wissenschaften vom Menschen" auf Wiener Boden (1870-1959)
Die Anthropologische Gesellschaft in Wien wurde am 13. Februar 1870 gegründet. Ihre Geschichte und fördernde Wirkung sowie der wissenschaftsgeschichtliche Werdegang der unter ihrem Dach vereinigten anthropologischen Fächer (Anthropologie, Ethnologie, Urgeschichte, Volkskunde) bis zum Jahre 1959 sind Gegenstand dieses Buches. Hohes Augenmerk gilt dabei auch den Funktionären und Fachvertretern, ihren wissenschaftstheoretischen Diskursen, ihren Hilfeleistungen für biologistische Doktrinen, ihrer politisch-ideologischen Instrumentalisierung im NS-Staat sowie ihren Verdrängungsstrategien nach 1945.
The Nationalization of Scientific Knowledge in the Habsburg Empire, 1848-1918
This volume challenges the widespread belief that scientific knowledge as such is international. Employing case studies from Austria, Poland, the Czech lands, and Hungary, the authors show how scientists in the late Habsburg Monarchy simultaneously nationalized and internationalized their knowledge.
Anthropological Abstracts 7/2008
Anthropological Abstracts (AA) is a reference journal published once a year in print, but also under www.anthropology-online.de and announces - in English language - most publications in the field of cultural/social anthropology published in the German language area (Austria, Germany, Switzerland). Since many of these publications have been written in German, and most German publications are not included in the major English language abstracting services, Anthropological Abstracts offers a convenient source of information for anthropologists and social scientists in general who do not read German, to become aware of anthropological research and publications in German-speaking countries. Included are journal articles, monographs, anthologies, exhibition catalogs, yearbooks, etc. Most abstracts are authored by the editor, others are specified accordingly. This journal is edited by Ulrich Oberdiek since 1993 (formerly: Abstracts in German Anthropology; since 2002: Anthropological Abstract
The Church's Help for Persecuted Jews in Nazi Vienna
This English translation of Traude Litzka's scholarly German work treats the Roman Catholic Church's attempt to assist Jews after the 1938 Anschluss transforming the country into a province of Nazi Germany engaged in persecuting Jews and all opposing the Nazi regime. The new regime's hostility to the Church threatened its beliefs and structure, keeping its substantial assistance to the Jewish population secret until the end of World War II.
Julius Pokorny, 1887-1970
Julius Pokorny (1887-1970) was the foremost Celtic scholar of his generation on the European mainland. Born in Prague, he studied at Vienna University, and learned Irish in Mayo and Kerry. He was a German nationalist who also became a propagandist for both the Gaelic League and the Irish nationalist cause from 1908. In 1920 he succeeded Kuno Meyer as professor of Celtic Philology in Berlin. Douglas Hyde, Eoin MacNeill, Myles Dillon and Liam S. Gogan were counted among his friends in Ireland, while in addition Osborn Bergin and T.F. O'Rahilly were among his contemporaries in Celtic scholarship. He translated Pearse, Ã?Â?Ã?Â? Conaire and An Seabhac into German, and he is mentioned by name ...
