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One Health is an integrated, unifying approach that aims to sustainably balance and optimize the health of people, animals and ecosystems. It recognizes the health of humans, domestic and wild animals, plants, and the wider environment (including ecosystems) are closely linked and inter-dependent. The approach mobilizes multiple sectors, disciplines and communities at varying levels of society to work together to foster well-being and tackle threats to health and ecosystems, while addressing the collective need for clean water, energy and air, safe and nutritious food, taking action on climate changes and contributing to sustainable development." FAO, OIE, WHO, UNEP
Animal products are vital components of the diets and livelihoods of people across sub-Saharan Africa. They are frequently traded in local, unregulated markets and this can pose significant health risks. This volume presents an accessible overview of these issues in the context of food safety, zoonoses and public health, while at the same time maintaining fair and equitable livelihoods for poorer people across the continent. The book includes a review of the key issues and 25 case studies of the meat, milk, egg and fish food sectors drawn from a wide range of countries in East, West and Southern Africa, as part of the "Safe Food, Fair Food" project. It describes a realistic analysis of food safety risk by developing a methodology of ‘participatory food safety risk assessment’, involving small-scale producers and consumers in the process of data collection in a data-poor environment often found in developing countries. This approach aims to ensure market access for poor producers, while adopting a realistic and pragmatic strategy for reducing the risk of food-borne diseases for consumers.
Foodborne diseases (FBD) are an important externality of agriculture and food systems, but only recently have they risen up the development agenda as the result of growing awareness of the health and economic burdens of FBD and how they relate to food systems with a focus on low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC), particularly African nations. The health burden of FBD is comparable with that of malaria, and over 90% falls on people in LMIC, with an economic burden of more than US$100 million per year. FBD have many other, less well-estimated effects on nutrition, gender, equity, and the environment. While understanding of food safety in domestic markets of LMICs has advanced greatly, risk management is in its infancy. This Research Topic will bring together leading regional perspectives on food safety in LMICs.
World Antimicrobial Week was established at the 68th World Health Assembly in 2015, and it takes place from the 18th to the 24th of November every year. Its key aim is to improve the awareness of antimicrobial resistance, highlighting the importance of education and communication. Antimicrobial resistance is caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites not responding to current medicines (such as antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals and antiparasitics), leading to a higher risk of severe illness and death. This has a huge economic impact, leading to around five million deaths yearly, increased health expenditure, and, ultimately, inequalities. Several causes lead to antimicrobial resistance, varying from region to region. These include the misdiagnosis of certain diseases with the consequent misuse of antimicrobials; the overuse of antimicrobials in humans, animals, and crops; or the lack of hygiene, sanitation and access to water. Due to these different causes, antimicrobial resistance needs a multisectoral response, focusing on the specific circumstances of each country and region.
Environmental Nexus Approach: Management of Water, Waste, and Soil establishes linkages between environmental resources, such as water, waste, and soil, in order to facilitate sustainable management of these resources. It shows the nexus approach as a policy-relevant means of environmental management by focusing on integrated management of water, waste, and soil resources. It synthesizes interdisciplinary theory, concepts, definitions, models, and findings involved in complex global sustainability problem-solving, making it an essential guide and reference. It includes real-world examples and applications making the book accessible to a broader interdisciplinary readership. Features: Explore...
With lessons learned from COVID-19, a world-leading expert on pandemic preparedness proposes a pragmatic plan urgently needed for the future of global health security. The COVID-19 pandemic revealed how unprepared the world was for such an event, as even the most sophisticated public health systems failed to cope. We must have far more investment and preparation, along with better detection, warning, and coordination within and across national boundaries. In an age of global pandemics, no country can achieve public health on its own. Health security planning is paramount. Lawrence O. Gostin has spent three decades designing resilient health systems and governance that take account of our int...