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Mainframe computers play a central role in the daily operations of many of the world's largest corporations, and batch processing is a fundamental part of the workloads that run on the mainframe. A large portion of the workload on IBM® z/OS® systems is processed in batch mode. Although several IBM Redbooks® publications discuss application modernization on the IBM z/OS platform, this book specifically addresses batch processing in detail. Many different technologies are available in a batch environment on z/OS systems. This book demonstrates these technologies and shows how the z/OS system offers a sophisticated environment for batch. In this practical book, we discuss a variety of themes that are of importance for batch workloads on z/OS systems and offer examples that you can try on your own system. The audience for this book includes IT architects and application developers, with a focus on batch processing on the z/OS platform.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Internet and Network Economics, WINE 2012, held in Liverpool, UK, in December 2012. The 36 revised full papers and 13 revised short papers presented together with the abstracts of 3 papers about work in progress and 3 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 112 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on algorithmic game theory; algorithmic mechanism design; auction algorithms and analysis; computational advertising; computational aspects of equilibria; computational social choice; convergence and learning in games; coalitions, coordination and collective action; economics aspects of security and privacy; economics aspects of distributed and network computing; information and attention economics; network games; price differentiation and price dynamics; social networks.
Using basic concepts of economic theory, the authors explain the origin and subsequent spread of Roman Christianity, showing first how the standard concepts of risk, cost and benefit can account for the demand for religion.
This paper introduces a model of boundedly rational observational learning, which is rationally founded and applicable to general environments. Under Quasi-Bayesian updating each action is treated as if it were based only on the private information of its respective observed agent. We analyze the theoretical long run implications of Quasi-Bayesian updating in a model of repeated interaction in social networks with binary actions. We characterize the environments in which consensus and information aggregation is achieved and establish that for any environment information aggregation fails in large networks. Evidence from a laboratory experiment supports Quasi-Bayesian updating and our theoretical predictions.
This paper develops a model of repeated interaction in social networks among agents with differing degrees of sophistication. The focus of the model is observational learning; that is, each agent receives initial private information and makes inferences regarding the private information of others through the repeated interaction with his neighbors in the network. The main question is how well agents aggregate private information through their local interactions. I show that in finite networks consisting exclusively of non-Bayesian (boundedly rational) agents, who revise their choices by averaging over the previous period's observed choices, all agents fail to perfectly aggregate the privately held information. However, the presence of at least one Bayesian agent in a strongly connected network is shown to be generically sufficient for every agent, whether Bayesian or non-Bayesian, to perfectly aggregate the private information of all agents.