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The Transition to Capitalism in Modern France
Historians, since the 1960s, argue that the French economy performed as well as did any economy in Europe during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries thanks to the opportunities for profit available on the market, especially the large consumer market in Paris. Whatever economic weaknesses existed did not stem from the social structure but from exogenous forces such as wars, the lack of natural resources or slow demographic growth. This book challenges the foregoing consensus by showing that the French economy performed poorly relative to its rivals because of noncapitalist social relations. Specifically, peasants and artisans controlled lands and workshops in autonomous communities and di...
Algeria of the Generals
Since independence, Algeria has been ruled by Generals who have kept the country in a state of civil war and misery. But how does this power function and endure? Arrested and tortured in Algeria for setting up a free student union in the 1980s, accused of Islamism and frequently harassed ever since, Lyes Laribi has come into close contact with Military Security, Algeria’s political police force. The author traces the history of the internal quarrels between General Zeroual's clan and General Nezzar's—coups d'état, economic schemes, political crimes spanning from 1962 to 1999. Now, Lyes Laribi reveals that behind the government of the current president, Abdelaziz Bouteflika, lies a third...
The Battlefield
The violence that has ravaged Algeria has often defied explanation. Regularly invoked in debates about political Islam, transitions to democracy, globalization, and the right of humanitarian interference, Algeria's tragedy has been reduced to a clash of stereotypes: Islamists vs. a secular state, terrorists vs. innocent civilians, or generals vs. a defenseless society. The prevalence of such simplistic representations has disabled public opinion inside as well as outside the country and contributed to the intractability ofthe conflict. This collection of essays offers a radical corrective to Western misconceptions. Rejecting the usual tautological approaches of inherent, predetermined confli...
Labour
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La Fabrique de l'urbanisme
Lorsqu'au tournant du XXe siècle, un anglais idéaliste lance l'idée de construire des villes nouvelles baptisées « cité-jardin », l’expérience remorque très rapidement des adeptes en France et en Allemagne. Ces réformateurs fondent des associations pour promouvoir le projet dans leur pays. Creuset d’expériences réformatrices puisant à diverses...
Advanced Computational Techniques for Renewable Energy Systems
In this book, one hundred selected articles, in which the technology and science elite share, contribute to technology development, collaborate and evolve the latest cutting-edge technologies, open ecosystem resources, new innovative computing solutions, hands-on labs and tutorials, networking and community building, to ensure better integration of artificial intelligence into renewable energy systems. Innovation in computing continues at a growing pace. The key to success in this area is not only hardware, but also the ability to leverage rapid advances in artificial intelligence (including machine learning and deep learning), data analytics, data streaming, and cloud computing, which go ha...
