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Executive Measures, Terrorism and National Security
David Bonner presents an historical and contemporary legal analysis of UK governmental use of executive measures, rather than criminal process, to deal with national security threats. The work examines measures of internment, deportation and restriction on movement deployed in the UK and (along with the imposition of collective punishment) also in three emergencies forming part of its withdrawal from colonial empire: Cyprus, Kenya and Malaya. These situations, along with that of Northern Ireland, are used to probe the strengths and weaknesses of ECHR supervision. It is argued that a new human rights era ushered in by a more confident Court of Human Rights and a more confident national judiciary armed with the HRA 1998, has moved us towards greater judicial scrutiny of the application of these measures - a move away from unfettered and unreviewable executive discretion.
Construction Materials
Thoroughly revised and updated, the third edition of this popular textbook continues to provide a comprehensive coverage of the main construction materials for undergraduate students of civil engineering and construction related courses. It creates an understanding of materials and how they perform through a knowledge of their chemical and physical structure, leading to an ability to judge their behaviour in service and construction. Materials covered include; metals and alloys, concrete, bituminous materials, brickwork and blockwork, polymers and fibre composites. Each material is discussed in terms of: structure; strength and failure; durability; deformation; practice and processing. The sections on concrete, polymers and fibre composites have been significantly revised. Descriptions of important properties are related back to the structure and forward to basic practical considerations. With its wealth of illustrations and reader-friendly style and layout Construction Materials.
Construction Materials - Their Nature and Behaviour
This book provides complete coverage of the main construction materials for undergraduate students on civil engineering and other construction courses. It creates an understanding of materials and how they perform through a knowledge of their chemical and physical structure, leading to an ability to judge their behaviour in service in construction. Descriptions of important properties are related back to the structure and forward to basic practical considerations.
Examining Critical Perspectives on Human Rights
This collection evaluates the crisis of confidence in human rights which underpins understandings of just decision making and liberal democracy.
Jihad in Islamic History
What is jihad? Does it mean violence, as many non-Muslims assume? Or does it mean peace, as some Muslims insist? Because jihad is closely associated with the early spread of Islam, today's debate about the origin and meaning of jihad is nothing less than a struggle over Islam itself. In Jihad in Islamic History, Michael Bonner provides the first study in English that focuses on the early history of jihad, shedding much-needed light on the most recent controversies over jihad. To some, jihad is the essence of radical Islamist ideology, a synonym for terrorism, and even proof of Islam's innate violence. To others, jihad means a peaceful, individual, and internal spiritual striving. Bonner, how...
The review of the Armed Forces Compensation Scheme
In 2009 Lord Boyce independently chaired a review of the Armed Forces Compensation Scheme. This report announces that the government will implement, in full, all of the recommendations from that Review. Key recommendations that will be taken forward include: the Guaranteed Income Payment will be increased to reflect the lasting effect of more serious injuries; the top tariff level, already doubled in 2008, will remain at £570,000 whilst all others will be increased; the maximum award for mental award for mental illness will be increased; a new expert medical body will be created to advise on compensation; the burden of proof will remain largely as is but improvements will be made in cases of illness and where records have not been properly maintained; the time limits by which claims must made or appealed will be increased; a new fast interim payment will introduced; and the way in which in the scheme is communicated will be improved
Understanding Jihad
Jihad is one of the most loaded and misunderstood terms in the news today. Contrary to popular understanding, the term does not mean "holy war." Nor does it simply refer to the inner spiritual struggle. This book, judiciously balanced, accessibly written, and highly relevant to today's events, unravels the tangled historical, intellectual, and political meanings of jihad. Looking closely at a range of sources from sacred Islamic texts to modern interpretations, Understanding Jihad opens a critically important perspective on the role of Islam in the contemporary world. As David Cook traces the practical and theoretical meanings of jihad, he cites from scriptural, legal, and newly translated t...
Physiology Or Medicine
During the period 1981 ? 1990, important areas of research being recognized were visual information processing, monoclonal antibodies, pharmacology, molecular biology and transplantation. The laureates according to the specific year are: (1981) R W SPERRY ? for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres; D H HUBEL & T N WIESEL ? for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system; (1982) S K BERGSTRM, B I SAMUELSSON & J R VANE ? for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances; (1983) B McCLINTOCK ? for her discovery of mobile genetic elements; (1984) N K JERNE, G J F KHLER & C MI...
A Place Between Two Places
What happens after death but before the final resurrection? This is the intermediate state. For most Muslims, it is called the barzakh, and it is a fantastical and frightening time in the grave. Throughout history and today this belief has been discussed and expressed in many forms: from Ṣūfī dreamscapes to theological tests of orthodoxy. But where does the barzakh come from first? In A Place Between Two Places: The Qurʾānic Barzakh, George Archer reconstructs the barzakh's early history. Analyzing sixteen of the Qurʾān's sūras in search of oral formulae, subtextual hints, and concentric parallelisms, the early barzakh is exposed as a response to the saint cults of late antiquity, and most especially, the cult of the divine Christ. From here, the Qurʾānic vision of the barzakh is traced forward through later prophetic biographies, Islamic architecture, and the ḥadīth literature in order to show how the barzakh developed into the distinctive eschatological claims of the Islamic Middle Ages.
