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Although COVID-19 full prime vaccination generates immunity against severe and life-threatening infections, there are still cases of breakthrough infections. This might be due to several causes — such as the fact that full prime vaccination might not generate enough immunity; that immunity wanes over time; or that the elderly, immunocompromised, transplant recipients and people with underlying diseases could suffer severe infections regardless of vaccination. Moreover, emerging new variants of concern (such as Delta or Omicron) that are highly infective and evade immunity could increase breakthrough infection. Booster shots could increase immunity and reduce the likelihood of having severe...
COVID-19 is a recently emerged infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The immune system has a primary role in pathogen elimination and a rapid and effective response can limit disease severity. In this context, T cells play the major role in cell mediated adaptive immune response. The protective role of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells has been inferred from studies on patients who recovered from SARS and MERS and accumulating data are now showing their relevance in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, memory T cells induced by previous pathogens can shape the susceptibility to, and the clinical severity of other infections, but the complete picture has yet to be elucidated. If the virus is not rapidly eliminated, COVID-19 may progress towards a secondary inflammatory phase that is directly responsible for a worsening in clinical symptoms and immune system impairment. Besides marked lymphopenia, COVID-19 patients’ T cell compartment displays several alterations involving different subpopulations of T cells in terms of phenotype, metabolic profile and functionality.
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This volume summarizes the state-of-the-art technologies, key advances and future trends in the field of label-free biosensing. It provides detailed insights into the different types of solid-state, label-free biosensors, their underlying transducer principles, advanced materials utilized, device-fabrication techniques and various applications. The book offers graduate students, academic researchers, and industry professionals a comprehensive source of information on all facets of label-free biosensing and the future trends in this flourishing field. Highlights of the subjects covered include label-free biosensing with: · semiconductor field-effect devices such as nanomaterial-modified capa...
A major objective of this open access book is to summarize the current status of Buruli Ulcer (BU) research for the first time. It will identify gaps in our knowledge, stimulate research and support control of the disease by providing insight into approaches for surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment of Buruli Ulcer. Book chapters will cover the history, epidemiology diagnosis, treatment and disease burden of BU and provide insight into the microbiology, genomics, transmission and virulence of Mycobacterium ulcerans.
Learn how to harness change and use it as a competitive advantage! Organizing Change shows you how to organize and activate a team process to accomplish a successful change initiative throughout your organization. Using the process outlined in this book, your organization will be able to respond quickly yet methodically to your organization's needs while your company maintains, and even increases, productivity and results throughout the change process. "In Organizing Change Lee and Krayer have taken what most executives regard as consultant candy and transformed it into a science . . . a doable science." --Joseph F. Carlisle, senior consultant, Training Consulting Softek, Denton, Texas Written for organizational development consultants, human resources professionals, managers at all levels, and organizational change agents, this important resource is a valuable asset that contains a wealth of tools, ideas, as well as a wide variety of checklists, worksheets, templates, and forms that you can use to assist you in organizing change initiatives.
This book primarily focuses on the African Sahel region, shedding new light on the epidemiology, socio-economics, clinical manifestations and control approaches of transboundary animal diseases (TADs) in this specific region. In addition to the description of TADs in Sahelian Africa and connected regions, several issues regarding the burden of TADs, the role of national/regional/international veterinary organizations in the surveillance process, animal mobility, one health and TADs in the dromedary are discussed. The book contains 22 chapters and is structured in three parts, i- general features and commonalities, ii- viral diseases, iii- bacterial diseases. Each chapter was written by a group of experts specialized in the topic. This work will be of general interest to researchers, veterinarians, veterinary public health officers, and students engaged in the surveillance and control of animal infectious diseases, included those of zoonotic nature and that are prevalent in the Sahel.