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Drawing on institutional theory and the model of entrepreneurial action, we build and test a multilevel model on the outcomes of entrepreneurship education. Essentially, we suggest that entrepreneurship education has stronger relationships with subsequent entrepreneurial activity in seemingly entrepreneurship-hostile institutional environments. Findings from 11,230 individuals in 32 countries support this notion. The results have implications for researchers and practitioners in the field of entrepreneurship education.
Universities increasingly offer entrepreneurship education, in order to sensitize and qualify students for entrepreneurship as a career option and, ultimately, to raise the number of academic start-ups. However, to date we have relatively little evidence on the effectiveness of such offers. Drawing on data from 2.621 students at 63 university departments in Germany, we examine the influence of university entrepreneurship education on students' entrepreneurial intentions, after controlling for individual influences. Hierarchical linear regressions reveal that only active modes of entrepreneurship education are effective and that this effect is limited to men. Similarly, individual influences differ for women and men.
Previous research has focused on national culture as a determinant of entrepreneurship. However, little is known regarding the effect of national culture on modes of entry into entrepreneurship (starting versus taking over a business). Using a unique data set from 3,489 individuals in 34 countries, cross-level analysis shows that a country's levels of power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term orientation influence the preferred path to entrepreneurship. We discuss implications of our findings for theory and practice.
Entrepreneurship is the engine of economic development, which in turn impacts upon the challenges facing future entrepreneurs. This timely book explores institutional, behavioural and policy issues of primary importance to understanding the entrepreneurial society. Topics covered include entrepreneurship in relation to formal and informal institutions; entrepreneurial choice, orientation and success; entrepreneurial behaviours; entrepreneurial finance, growth and economic crises; and entrepreneurship, social dimensions and outcomes.