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The African Marine Litter Outlook
This open access book provides a cross-sectoral, multi-scale assessment of marine litter in Africa with a focus on plastics. From distribution, to impacts on environmental and human health, this book looks at what is known scientifically. It includes a policy analysis of the instruments that currently exist, and what is needed to help Africa tackle marine litter—including local and transboundary sources. Across 5 chapters, experts from Africa and beyond have put together a summary of the scientific knowledge currently known about marine litter in Africa. The context of the African continent and future projections form a backdrop on which the scientific knowledge is built. This scientific knowledge incorporates quantities, distributions, and pathways of litter into the marine environment, highlighting where the impacts of marine litter are most felt in Africa. These impacts have widespread effects, with ecological, social, economic, and human health repercussions. While containing detailed scientific information, this book provides a sound knowledge base for policymakers, NGOs and the broader public.
Marine Litter Technical Recommendations for the Implementation of MSFD Requirements
A technical subgroup under the Working Group on GES for the further development of Descriptor 10 Marine Litter was established within the implementation strategy for the Marine Strategy Framework Directive 2008/56/EC (MSFD) and the Commission Decision on Criteria and Methodological Standards on Good Environmental Status (GES) of Marine Waters (Commission Decision 2010/477/EU). The group consisted of 42 experts and was chaired by Ifremer, EC JRC IES and the German Environment Agency. The group developed an overview about existing data and methodologies for the monitoring of marine litter. Appropriate monitoring methodologies have been identified for beach, surface water, biota and microlitter, and altogether 15 monitoring tools have been described in relation to the indicators for Marine Litter. Sources of marine litter, issues on targets and objectives relevant to MSFD as well as research needs have been discussed and a roadmap for the further implementation of Descriptor 10 has been developed.
Bye-gones
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Plastic Pollution
The presence, at sea, of large amounts of plastic and microplastics, which are sometimes invisible and results from the fragmentation of larger debris, requires an in-depth knowledge of the nature of ocean debris, its transport mechanisms, life cycle and effects on the environment. This volume provides new insights in the topic of plastic pollution, an actual and important problem for the marine environment.
Human Rights Approaches to Planetary Crises
This book analyses over 20 years of rights-based litigation in the areas of climate change and plastic pollution in order to assess the value of rights in confronting and overcoming planetary crises. We live in an age of planetary crises such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and plastic pollution, which take a huge toll on communities all around the world, endangering their fundamental interests. But can the lack of government action on these crises – or action that worsens them – amount to violations of human rights? Many courts are grappling with this question, as rights-based litigation becomes increasingly common. By focusing on climate change and plastic pollution as case studi...
The Mitigation of Marine Plastic Pollution in International Law
The open access publication of this book has been published with the support of the Swiss National Science Foundation. The massive accumulation of plastics in marine environments is one of the most pressing environmental concerns of our time. This book examines the relevant international legal framework applying to land-based sources of plastic pollution. Against the backdrop of the dynamics of recent policy formulation in this field, it outlines the main developments and provides a snapshot inventory of state obligations related to plastic pollution mitigation. The Mitigation of Marine Plastic Pollution in International Law identifies the main barriers and opportunities, and points out the possible building blocks of an enhanced regime.
Bridging the Gap Between Policy and Science in Assessing the Health Status of Marine Ecosystems, 2nd Edition
Marine management requires approaches which bring together the best research from the natural and social sciences. It requires stakeholders to be well-informed by science and to work across administrative and geographical boundaries, a feature especially important in the inter-connected marine environment. Marine management must ensure that the natural structure and functioning of ecosystems is maintained to provide ecosystem services. Once those marine ecosystem services have been created, they deliver societal goods as long as society inputs its skills, time, money and energy to gather those benefits. However, if societal goods and benefits are to be limitless, society requires appropriate administrative, legal and management mechanisms to ensure that the use of such benefits do not impact on environmental quality, but instead support its sustainable use.
Guidance on Monitoring of Marine Litter in European Seas
The MSFD Technical Subgroup on Marine Litter was tasked to deliver guidance so that European Member States could initiate programmes for monitoring of Descriptor 10 of the MSFD. The present document provides the recommendations and information needed to commence the monitoring required for marine litter, including methodological protocols and categories of items to be used for the assessment of litter on the beach, water column, seafloor and biota, including a special section on microparticles.
