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Painleve Equations in the Differential Geometry of Surfaces
This book brings together two different branches of mathematics: the theory of Painlev and the theory of surfaces. Self-contained introductions to both these fields are presented. It is shown how some classical problems in surface theory can be solved using the modern theory of Painlev equations. In particular, an essential part of the book is devoted to Bonnet surfaces, i.e. to surfaces possessing families of isometries preserving the mean curvature function. A global classification of Bonnet surfaces is given using both ingredients of the theory of Painlev equations: the theory of isomonodromic deformation and the Painlev property. The book is illustrated by plots of surfaces. It is intended to be used by mathematicians and graduate students interested in differential geometry and Painlev equations. Researchers working in one of these areas can become familiar with another relevant branch of mathematics.
Thermomechanics of Photovoltaic Modules
In a crystalline photovoltaic module the fragile silicon solar cells are electrically connected and embedded in a transparent polymer (EVA) between glass and a back sheet. During the module's lifetime changes in temperature lead to thermomechanical stress due to different coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of the individual material layers. In this work these stresses and strains are quantified. A successful application of the digital image correlation technique for the determination of the change in the gap between two adjacent laminated cells (125 mm x 125 mm size) gives 0.5 um/°C. We construct three alternative material models for EVA based on mechanical tests: linear elastic, T-dependent linear elastic and viscoelastic. As the viscoelastic simulation gives the best agreement with the experiment it is used for a three-dimensional analysis of a 60-cell-module. The simulated stress in the solar cells reaches up to -75 MPa at -40°C and up to 20 % strain in the EVA-layers. The reason for this behaviour is found in the CTE-mismatch between the cells and the glass rather that the cells and the polymeric layers.
Shell-like Structures
In this volume scientists and researchers from industry discuss the new trends in simulation and computing shell-like structures. The focus is put on the following problems: new theories (based on two-dimensional field equations but describing non-classical effects), new constitutive equations (for materials like sandwiches, foams, etc. and which can be combined with the two-dimensional shell equations), complex structures (folded, branching and/or self intersecting shell structures, etc.) and shell-like structures on different scales (for example: nano-tubes) or very thin structures (similar to membranes, but having a compression stiffness). In addition, phase transitions in shells and refined shell thermodynamics are discussed. The chapters of this book are the most exciting contributions presented at the EUROMECH 527 Colloquium “Shell-like structures: Non-classical Theories and Applications” held in Wittenberg, Germany.
Soft Computing in Condition Monitoring and Diagnostics of Electrical and Mechanical Systems
This book addresses a range of complex issues associated with condition monitoring (CM), fault diagnosis and detection (FDD) in smart buildings, wide area monitoring (WAM), wind energy conversion systems (WECSs), photovoltaic (PV) systems, structures, electrical systems, mechanical systems, smart grids, etc. The book’s goal is to develop and combine all advanced nonintrusive CMFD approaches on a common platform. To do so, it explores the main components of various systems used for CMFD purposes. The content is divided into three main parts, the first of which provides a brief introduction, before focusing on the state of the art and major research gaps in the area of CMFD. The second part covers the step-by-step implementation of novel soft computing applications in CMFD for electrical and mechanical systems. In the third and final part, the simulation codes for each chapter are included in an extensive appendix to support newcomers to the field.
Silicon Solar Cell-integrated Stress and Temperature Sensors for Photovoltaic Modules
Abstract: We propose silicon solar cell-integrated stress and temperature sensors as a new approach for the stress and temperature measurement in photovoltaic (PV) modules. The solar cell-integrated sensors enable a direct and continuous in situ measurement of mechanical stress and temperature of solar cells within PV modules. In this work, we present a proof of concept for stress and temperature sensors on a silicon solar cell wafer. Both sensors were tested in a conventional PV module setup. For the stress sensor, a sensitivity of (−47.41 ± 0.14)%/GPa has been reached, and for the temperature sensor, a sensitivity of (3.557 ± 0.008) × 10−3 K−1 has been reached. These sensors can already be used in research for increased measurement accuracy of the temperature and the mechanical stress in PV modules because of the implementation at the precise location of the solar cells within a laminate stack, for process evaluation, in-situ measurements in reliability tests, and the correlation with real exposure to climates
