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Cortical GABAergic neurons: stretching it
In the cerebellum and basal ganglia, projection neurons are GABAergic; but in the cerebral cortex, there has been a historically strong dichotomy between glutamatergic projection neurons and GABAergic local circuit neurons. While this dichotomy is overwhelmingly the case, it is now clear that a small population of long-distance projecting GABAergic neurons (positive for somatostatin and nNOS, and negative for parvalbumin) occurs in primates, as well as in cats and rodents. Beyond their well-documented existence, however, the functional significance, ontogeny, and connectivity of this intriguing subpopulation remain obscure.
Spontaneous Activity in the Sensory System
Spontaneous activity in the nervous system is defined as neural activity that is not driven by an external stimulus and is considered a problem for sensory processing and computation. However, spontaneous activity is not completely random and often has unique spatiotemporal patterns that instruct neural circuit development in the developing brain. Moreover, normal and aberrant patterns of spontaneous activity underlie behavioral states and diseased conditions in the adult brain. The recent technological development has shed light on these unique questions in spontaneous activity. This eBook provides both original and review articles in the propensity, mechanisms, and functions of spontaneous activity in the sensory system. Our goal is to define the state of knowledge in the field, the current challenges, and the future directions for research.
The Spike
The story of a neural impulse and what it reveals about how our brains work We see the last cookie in the box and think, can I take that? We reach a hand out. In the 2.1 seconds that this impulse travels through our brain, billions of neurons communicate with one another, sending blips of voltage through our sensory and motor regions. Neuroscientists call these blips “spikes.” Spikes enable us to do everything: talk, eat, run, see, plan, and decide. In The Spike, Mark Humphries takes readers on the epic journey of a spike through a single, brief reaction. In vivid language, Humphries tells the story of what happens in our brain, what we know about spikes, and what we still have left to u...
Taurine 10
Taurine 10 contains original articles and critical reviews based on the oral and poster presentations of XX International Taurine Meeting held in Seoul, Korea in May 2016. The purpose of the book is to present current ideas, new avenues and research regarding biological functions and clinical applications of taurine and taurine derivatives. It focuses on all aspects of taurine research including the cardiovascular system, the immune system, diabetes, the central nervous system, endocrine system and the role of taurine supplements in nutrition. It also includes presentations of novel animal experimental models using Cdo1 and CSAD knock-out mice.
Influence of Inter- and Intra-Synaptic Factors on Information Processing in the Brain
Any brain activity relies on the interaction of thousands of neurons, each of which integrating signals from thousands of synapses. While neurons are undoubtedly the building blocks of the brain, synapses constitute the main loci of information transfer that lead to the emergence of neuronal code. Investigating synaptic transmission constitutes a multi-faceted challenge that brings together a large number of techniques and expertise ranging from experimental to computational approaches, bringing together paradigms spanning from molecular to neural network level. In this book, we have collected a series of articles that present foundational work aimed at shedding much-needed light on brain in...
Imaging the Addicted Brain
Imaging the Addicted Brain, the latest volume in the International Review of Neurobiology series will appeal to neuroscientists, clinicians, psychologists, physiologists, and pharmacologists. Led by an internationally renowned editorial board, this important serial publishes both eclectic volumes made up of timely reviews and thematic volumes that focus on recent progress in a specific area of neurobiology research. This volume focusses on the imaging of the brain addicted to food, gambling, tobacco, and opiates. - Offers a unique perspective on how addiction affects the brain - Covers a broad scope of addictions, including food, gambling, tobacco, and common psychogenic agents with a focus on their effects on the brain - Focuses on the use of medical imaging methods, especially MRI, to explore and explain addiction in the brain
Epigenetics
This well-established international series examines major areas of basic and clinical research within neuroscience, as well as emerging and promising subfields. This volume concentrates on Epigenetics - This book looks at Epigeneticsin the light of the newest scholarly discoveries and insights
Handbuch Stadtsoziologie
Heutige Gesellschaften lassen sich in erster Linie als städtisch geprägt verstehen. Doch was bedeutet es, als Individuum in einer Stadt aufzuwachsen, sich in ihr zu orientieren und sein Leben mit anderen Menschen zu gestalten? In diesem Handbuch werden die unterschiedlichen Seiten der Stadtgesellschaft wie das multikulturelle Zusammenleben, soziale Ungleichheiten und Segregation, Mobilität, Kriminalität, Stadtplanung, Lokalpolitik oder das Leben in Nachbarschaften und in öffentlichen Räumen unter dieser Fragestellung beleuchtet. Das Handbuch bietet eine Übersicht über das soziologische Wissen zu den unterschiedlichen Aspekten städtischen Lebens. Dabei werden übergeordnete theoretische Diskussionen von der "Megacity" bis hin zur "Europäischen Stadt" aufgearbeitet. Um einen Anschluss an die weitergehenden Debatten der Soziologien zu ermöglichen, werden zudem klassische und neuere Theorien hinsichtlich ihres Stadt- und Raumverständniss eingeführt.
