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The past and future of inflammatory pharmacology research: a hot topic in health and disease Inflammation is a physiological response to a traumatic injury, bacterial, or viral infection. However, if not appropriately controlled, it contributes to a long list of diseases, including asthma, atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, arthritis, and cancer. Different are the types of inflammatory responses. Acute inflammation is an immediate body response to the cellular damage induced by pathogens, noxious stimuli, or physical injury – it is a short-term response resulting in healing via time-dependent changes of leukocyte functions. First, a leukocytes infiltration happens within the damaged regi...
This detailed volume covers diverse aspects of P2X7 receptor analysis, ranging from its molecular structure to related pharmacological and immunological tools, via its analysis in heterologous expression systems as well as assays using primary cells and whole animal models. After three introductory chapters that focus on its structure, ligands, and physiological functions, the book details the generation of antibody and nanobody tools for P2X7 receptors, provides protocols for the analysis of expressed P2X7 receptors with a focus on their electrophysiological analysis, as well as protocols for the investigation of P2X7 down-stream signaling in immune cells by flow cytometry. Mouse models and...
This special article collection of Frontiers in Pharmacology includes reviews and original articles on different aspects of IL-1 inhibition. Since the time IL-1 and its natural antagonist IL-1Ra have been discovered, specific IL-1 targeted therapies have been developed to cure an increasing number of diseases. The purpose of this Research Topic is to provide an overview of the different clinical uses of IL-1 blockade and new insights in basic research issues.
Psoriasis is a chronically relapsing inflammatory skin disorder affecting about 2% of the worldwide population. The disease is associated with important systemic manifestations, including cardiovascular comorbidities and metabolic syndrome. In addition, about 30% of patients develop joint inflammation known as psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Our knowledge on the pathogenesis of psoriasis has dramatically expanded in the last decade, suggesting the existence (or co-existence) of both auto-immune and auto-inflammatory components. Skin lesions develop from a complex interplay between keratinocytes, vascular endothelium, dendritic cells, and T cells, generating a self-sustaining inflammatory cycle. W...
Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) are a class of autoimmune diseases that invade multiple tissues, systems, and internal organs, with varying degrees of immune-inflammatory responses. Due to the poor blood circulation of the patient, the nutrients needed by the muscles or tissues cannot be transported through the blood circulation, resulting in the lack of nutrients in the muscles of the patients and accelerated aging and stiffness. In severe cases, the muscles and blood vessels of the patients will atrophy, and some patients may suffer from joint damage. Disability and visceral failure seriously affect normal function, have a high disability rate, and bring a heavy burden to the patient's family and society.
The Textbook of Ion Channels is a set of three volumes that provides a wide-ranging refer- ence source on ion channels for students, instructors and researchers. Ion channels are membrane proteins that control the electrical properties of neurons and cardiac cells; mediate the detection and response to sensory stimuli like light, sound, odor, and taste; and regulate the response to physical stimuli like temperature and pressure. In non-excit- able tissues, ion channels are instrumental for the regulation of basic salt balance that is critical for homeostasis. Ion channels are located at the surface membrane of cells, giving them the unique ability to communicate with the environment, as well...