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Advances in microbial food safety
Current methods for detecting bacterial pathogens from foods and the environment are slow. Although newer, more rapid detection techniques have been developed, they have insufficient sensitivity and produce residual matrix-associated inhibitory compounds. The detection of foodborne pathogens could be more rapid if the target cells were separated and concentrated before detection, a procedure known as pre-analytical sample processing. We review sample preparation techniques, focusing on target-specific methods. Unlike non-target-specific separation/concentration methods, these approaches use bioaffinity ligands, preventing co-precipitation of target pathogens with residual matrix components. Bioaffinity ligands such as bacteriophage, phage-derived biomolecules, nucleic acid/peptide aptamers, carbohydrate ligands, antimicrobial peptides and synthetic ligands are described. The use of bioaffinity ligands in pathogen detection is new and requires further development. Such ligands have a future in foodborne pathogen detection and may allow us to substitute culture-based methods with more rapid, yet sensitive non-cultural methods.
Clostridial Neurotoxins
Tetanus has been known from the very beginning of medical literature since it was first described by Hyppocrates of Cos in the fifth century B.C. For 24 centuries it was considered a neuro logical disease until the breakthrough of CARLE and RATIONE (1884) who demonstrated its infectious etiology. Following the establishment of purified cultures of Clostridium tetani(KITASATO 1889), FABER (1890), and TIZZONI and CATIANI (1890) demon strated that the disease is actually an intoxication caused by a proteic neurotoxin. This toxin was shown by BRUSHCHETIINI (1892) to move retroaxonally and to act at the spinal cord level. Soon thereafter VAN ERMENGEN (1897) demonstrated that botu lism is also due...
The Electronic Schoolhouse
Published in the year 1985, The Electronic Schoolhouse is a valuable contribution to the field of Education.
Strong States, Weak Schools
Why are governments pushing to centrally regulate teaching and learning at this historical moment? Do these accountability mechanisms succeed in boosting student achievement? How are teachers responding to top-down rules, incentives, and the recasting of what knowledge counts inside school? This book answers these questions.
Trautman, Troutman Family, 1598-1998
Chiefly a record of some of the descendants of Michael Trautmann. He was born ca. 1598 in Schriesheim, Germany, to Sebastian Trautmann and Catherina. He married Margaretha Dorn. She died 12 Oct 1654. They were the parents of at least six children. He married Barbara Kern 15 May 1655. She was born ca. 1624, the daughter of Barthel Kern. She died in 1666. They were the parents of five children. He married Anna Margaretha Scheppler 28 Jan 1668. He died 20 Apr 1684. Descendants immigrated to America ca. 1743.
