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Dengue is the most important mosquito-transmitted viral disease in humans. Half of the world population is at risk of infection, mostly in tropical and sub-tropical areas. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 50 to 100 million infections occur yearly, with 50,000 to 100,000 deaths related to dengue, mainly in children. Recent estimates show higher numbers, up to three times more, with 390 million estimated dengue infections per year, among which 96 million apparent infections (Bhatt et al. 2013). Initially localized to South-East Asia, dengue virus (DENV) started its spread in Latin America in the 80’s. Little is known about DENV spread in Africa, but multiple seroprevalence ...
A mysterious virus from China takes the whole world in its grip within weeks, creating an unprecedented global pandemic. Third year into the pandemic, the world is still grappling to know mysteries behind origin of the virus. Did it come from the Wuhan animal market? Did it leak from the Wuhan Institute of Virology? Was it accidental or deliberate? With millions of lives lost, billions of lives shattered, and trillions lost in economy, geopolitical power equations are being rewritten every other day. In the spectre of a post-pandemic disruption, can the humbled superpower the United States of America, hold itself as the leader of free nations or lose its dominance to a resurgent China? The m...
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Understand the Virus -- Explore the Immune System -- Discover a Vaccine -- Develop Vaccines -- Evaluate the Contenders -- Don't Count on the Magic Bullet -- Overcome the Hurdles -- Embrace Many Solutions.
We shut down our schools, sports, theaters, bars, restaurants, and churches—government ignored the rule of law and put individual rights on hold—but it is more than obvious now that this was all a huge distraction. The focus should have been on the aged with underlying conditions living in nursing homes. The models nowhere included what ended up being our reality, even though that reality was upon us as early as February when people in nursing homes began to die in Washington State. We should have seen it long before the lockdowns began. Now the modelers in the epidemiological profession need to learn what the economists figured out long ago: Human life is too complex to be accurately mo...
Over the last two years with the strain of coronavirus having a devastating effect on the world’s healthcare system and triggering a global "lockdown", one question that has emerged; What, or which infectious disease is going to hit us next? Many infectious diseases prevalent in humans and animals are caused by pathogens that once emerged from other animal hosts. In addition to these established or re-emerging infections, new infectious diseases periodically emerge. In extreme cases they may lead to pandemics as we currently are seeing. The increased urbanization and globalization of the world order with faster connectivity and traveling has further in-creased the risk factors for emerging...