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Gut Microbiota in Aging and Chronic Diseases
This edited volume studies gut microbiota peculiarities in elderly, in senescence-related and environmental-related alterations of gut microbiota in chronic diseases. Aging, as a physiological process mediated through several regulatory pathways and transcription factors, is generally speaking associated to a relentless functional decline and increasing risk of chronic diseases. Growing data on gut microbiota quali-quantitative changes in aging gut, and the opportunity to study by advanced NGS and metabolomic technologies, now offers novel horizons to link such changes to disease risks and to theoretically the weapons for gut microbiota intervention as an effective therapeutic tool. Chapters...
Lymph Node T Cell Dynamics and Novel Strategies for HIV Cure
Currently, more than 36 million people are infected with HIV. Although the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) has led to substantial advances in the clinical management of HIV infected individuals, HAART cannot completely eliminate the virus. This is because CD4 T helper cells, harboring the virus, remain dormant reservoirs. These reservoirs are difficult to measure and are present even in HAART-treated HIV infected individuals with undetectable levels of HIV in the blood. A growing body of studies has revealed follicular helper (Tfh) CD4 T cells, a highly differentiated CD4 T cell population localized in immunologically sanctuary sites (follicle/germinal center), ...
Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Clinical Management and Public Health Response
Volume I.A An outbreak of a respiratory disease first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and the causative agent was discovered in January 2020 to be a novel betacoronovirus of the same subgenus as SARS-CoV and named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly disseminated worldwide, with clinical manifestations ranging from mild respiratory symptoms to severe pneumonia and a fatality rate estimated around 2%. Person to person transmission is occurring both in the community and healthcare settings. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently declared the COVID-19 epidemic a public health emergency of international ...
Gastric Carcinoma
Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in the world. There are no screening tests available for its diagnosis, therefore patients usually presents in late stages, associated with poor prognosis. Currently, many efforts are made toward new advances in the treatment strategies. The book makes an insight into the assessment of premalignant lesions, current management of early gastric cancer, risk and protective factors in gastric carcinogenesis. "Gastric cancer" provides a detailed description of the morphologic classification, molecular changes and epigenetic alterations of this tumor. The book describes the role of different diagnostic tools in the preoperative assessment of patients and the most important factors contributing to the prognosis. Moreover, it describes the current surgical and chemotherapeutic options for gastric neoplasm. This publication may open new and interesting gates for further research concerning carcinogenesis, genetic and epigenetic alterations, signaling pathways, H. pylori infection, the discovery of protective factors against gastric cancer and of revolutionary therapies of this tumor.
