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Food losses and waste in primary production
This project has resulted in a suggested definitional and methodological framework for future food waste studies in primary production. It has also resulted in a first attempt to quantify food waste in primary production in the Nordic countries. The project was focused on primary production in the Nordic countries of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. One purpose has been to test adequate methods for collecting data on food losses and waste from primary producers in the Nordic countries. Another purpose was to estimate the amount of food losses and waste in primary production in the Nordic Countries. In order to collect data and quantify food losses and waste in primary production it was necessary to work on these definitions or possibly introduce new, more useful terms. Thus this project involved defining terms, developing methodologies and quantifying data.
Monitoring Food Waste and Loss in the Nordic region: Definitions, methods and measures for prevention
Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2021-504/ The background for the project is that EU Commission has introduced new regulations and policies for food waste prevention and monitoring. Sweden and Denmark link their reporting closely to the waste framework directive while Finland and Norway base their most data collection on voluntary reporting. Norway and Finland report on a detailed level and estimate impact like costs and GHG-emissions. All Nordic countries have necessary detail in data that are measured to fulfil the requirements set by the purpose of food waste monitoring program. Halving food waste by 2030 calls for radical changes in the food chain. These radical changes require four dimensions: technology push, societal pull, market pull, and regulatory push. Based on these four dimensions, we have classified measures to reduce food waste into four topics: Policy instruments, changing social norms, nudging and changing practices, and intelligent technology and new products & business models.
Food losses and waste in primary production
This report presents the results from six case studies of food losses and waste in primary production in the Nordic region. The product groups studied were carrots, onions, cereal (wheat or rye), green peas, field peas, and cultivated fish (rainbow trout or char). We used different methods to study the side flows: questionnaires, in-field measurements and interviews. Instead of the term “food losses and waste” we use the term “side flows”. The side flow ranged from 4 % to 31 % for vegetables, cereals and pulses and most of the side flow for occurs after harvest, e.g. when sorting and storing the products. The main reason for side flow is quality issues. Weather conditions and diseases have a major impact on the quality of the products. We cannot draw many conclusions on side flow amounts for fish based on the results. The reasons for fish side flow are mainly diseases and predators.
Valorization of Agro-Industrial Byproducts
This book covers sustainable approaches for industrial transformation pertaining to valorization of agro-industrial byproducts. Divided into four sections, it starts with information about the agro/food industry and its byproducts, including their characterization, followed by different green technologies (principle, process strategies and extraction of bioactive compounds) applied for the management of agro industry byproducts. It further explains biotechnological interventions involved in the value addition of these byproducts. Various regulatory and environmental concerns related to by-product management along with biorefinery concept and future strategies are provided as well. Features: ...
Low-Carbon Circular Transition in the Nordics
Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2023-504/ The Nordic region aims to be a forerunner in the transition to circular economy. This project aimed to find areas, industries, and sectors, and potential in them, important for the circular transition in the Nordics. The barriers for unleashing the potential were also studied.Four areas of industry and two cross-cutting drivers were selected for the study. The bioeconomy, the food and beverage sector, building and construction, and the mobility sector play a prominent role in the Nordic economies. They are also responsible for significant emissions and waste. The drivers – applying new circular business models and better exploiting data/digitalisation – can bring change that holds promise for significant benefits.The study’s results are summed up in a set of recommendations addressing how the barriers can be torn down and how positive impacts of circular transition can be supported.
Barriers for utilisation of biowaste
There is an increased focus on ensuring optimal use of the resources of the planet. However experience shows that legislation can hinder the use of the resources from waste. This report examines the unintended consequences that legislation, enforcement and other formal institutions can have on utilization of biowaste as a resource. The project consists of three main elements: 1) Desk research 2) Qualitative phone interviews with relevant actors in Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Finland. 3) Solution dialogues with authorities. The barriers to better utilisation of biowaste are diffuse, and the solutions complex. A mixture of changes in regulation, better cooperation and coordination between regulative bodies, and better guidance and information sharing between national- and municipal authorities and the business community would together reduce the barriers for utilisation of biowaste.
Architecture in Context
Der finnische Architekt Pekka Helin gründete bereits 1979 in Helsinki sein erstes Büro. In seiner Entwurfshaltung knüpft das Büro in einer spezifisch skandinavischen Ausdrucksform sowohl an den Funktionalismus, als auch an die organische Architektur eines Aalvar Alto, Viljo Revell, Heikki Sirèn oder auch eines Arne Erve an. Das Material Holz spielt in dieser sehr klaren Architektur eine vordergründige Rolle. Das Büro kreiert Bauten im Bereich Wohnen – häufig direkt am Wasser gelegen, wo die Einbindung in die Natur in den Sichtachsen eine große Rolle spielt – , aber auch Bürobauten, wie etwa den Nokia Hauptsitz oder auch das Finnish Modular Office, der höchste Bürobau aus Holz innerhalb Europas. Auch öffentliche Bauten, wie etwa die finnische Botschaft in Moskau oder der Konzertsaal und die Bibliothek in Espoo, gehören zu den Realisierungen des Büros, wie auch gar städtebauliche, so etwa der Masterplan für die Umgestaltung des ehemaligen Areals des Flughafens von Oslo.
Myxozoan Evolution, Ecology and Development
This book provides an up-to-date review of the biology of myxozoans, which represent a divergent clade of endoparasitic cnidarians. Myxozoans are of fundamental interest in understanding how early diverging metazoans have adopted parasitic lifestyles, and are also of considerable economic and ecological concern as endoparasites of fish. Synthesizing recent research, the chapters explore issues such as myxozoan origins; evolutionary trends and diversification; development and life cycles; interactions with hosts; immunology; disease ecology; the impacts of climate change on disease; risk assessment; emerging diseases; and disease mitigation. This comprehensive work will appeal to a wide readership, from invertebrate zoologists, evolutionary biologists and developmental biologists to ecologists and parasitologists. It will also be of great practical interest to fisheries and conservation biologists. The identification of key areas for future research will appeal to scientists at all levels.
