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The Mysore Gazette
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Genetic advancements for improving the plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses
Crop plants are constantly exposed to multiple abiotic (such as drought, salinity, cold, flooding, heavy metal, and heat) and/or biotic (bacterial/fungal/viral) stress factors that hinder their growth and development, subsequently leading to decreases in quality and yield. During the last two decades, many classical genetic and breeding approaches have been used to develop stress-tolerant and climate-adaptable plants that can provide a better yield to meet food demands. Climate change poses a major risk to food security as the world faces frequent floods, droughts, heat waves, and the emergence of new invasive pests and diseases. Novel genomic and genetic approaches look promising to improve...
Plant Genotyping: From Traditional Markers to Modern Technologies
In contrast to the external traits of plants, we cannot directly see the genotypes that comprise the underlying set of genetic material encoding these phenotypic traits. To make genotypes accessible for research and further understanding, various genotyping methods are used. Plant genotyping began with relatively simple and elementary molecular markers, like microsatellites or SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats), which were then followed by DNA sequencing and fragment analysis, PCR and qPCR, allele-specific molecular probes and primers, and now today’s modern and advanced microchip-DNA technology involving hundreds and thousands of reactions simultaneously.
Abiotic Stresses in Field Crops: Response, Impacts and Management under Climate Change Scenario
Agriculture is globally challenged by adverse environmental factors, including drought, heat, waterlogging, cold, soil salinity and sodicity, nutrient deficiency, heavy metal contamination, and other edaphic stresses. These stresses impair plant functioning at multiple levels limiting plant development and crop productivity. In the current climate change scenario, the increase in frequency and intensity of these stresses is posing a serious threat to overall food and nutrition security. Plants respond to these stresses through several tolerance mechanisms operating at molecular, biochemical, physiological, or morpho-anatomical levels depending on their developmental stage and type of species...
