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This book originates from a basic, yet innovative question: in which forms of qualification and justification do social actors support themselves to engage in common actions? This inquiry brings to the field of sociological and anthropological analysis the need to take into account socially accepted forms of qualifications of common action and the ways by which they are brought to social situations, and, simultaneously, the need to understand the processes of elaboration of justifications which may demonstrate to social actors that acting in common is worthwhile. As such, this volume analyses the processes by which social actors qualify and communalize certain aspects of their life and also ...
This book questions the political tools and the basis upon which the values of an informed and objective communication rest, and that nowadays encompass most of the ordinary situations encountered in institutions. What is the fate of the involuntary drifts of communication, such as disturbances, misunderstandings and troubles, in the use of decision-making tools, participatory mechanisms, and the establishment of contractual procedures or informed consent practices? How do they open a discordant and potentially critical gap in the protocols and assessment and categorization measures that govern these institutions? How can the virtues of these drifts, whether in the exercise of sociological research or of scientific discovery be revalued? Crisis situations seem implicitly or explicitly to involve communicative issues. The efforts of normative framing of communication and of information formatting are then numerous. However, as this book shows, one can question not only the effectiveness of these efforts, but also how the actors receive them and how they transform the actual modalities of their communication processes.
Depuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, des objectifs d'égalité gouvernent les politiques d'éducation. L'école est un des instruments sur lesquels l'Etat providence a appuyé sa mission de redistribution. Cette définition est en crise. Les débats montrent que l'idéal d'égalité n'est qu'une définition possible de la justice. D'autres modèles existent : l'objectif de rendre compte au citoyen de la qualité du service public ; l'obligation de résultat qui permet au pays de réussir dans la compétition internationale ; la reconnaissance des différences, celles du handicap ou des origines ethniques, religieuses et culturelles ; l'épanouissement des enfants et le respect de leurs droits, etc. L'ouvrage confronte ces revendications, en identifie les références et les situe dans la recomposition parallèle des formes de la justice et des formes de l'Etat liée à la mondialisation. Il propose donc un large parcours : un dialogue entre histoire, sociologie de l'éducation, sociologie du travail et psychologie ; une mise en perspective internationale ainsi que l'appel à des experts proches du politique.
Originally published in 1990. Well-annotated bibliographical entries cover works on history, religion, medicine, philosophy, law and literature in western Europe from about the third century A.D. through the end of the medieval period. The primary sources are organised thematically, and separately from secondary sources. Languages covered include English, Spanish, Portuguese, French, German, Italian, and Latin. The focus is on sexuality and sexual attitudes, not on the related topics of marriage and family. Detailed indexes are also included.
Reissuing seven works originally published between 1977 and 1992, this collection offers a varied selection of surveys of historical practices and attitudes to sexuality, from complete reviews of changing attitudes through time, to individual studies of France in the 19th and 20th Centuries and England in the 17th. This set will be of interest in sociology, gender studies, cultural studies and history.
Dans la plupart des pays, on ressent aujourd'hui le besoin, dans tous les domaines de la vie sociale, de dépasser le cadre national et de prendre en compte l'expérience des autres sociétés. En éducation, ce besoin est patent et, pour tout dire, incontournable, tant il est vrai que les systèmes éducatifs de la plupart des sociétés occidentales connaissent actuellement de puissantes évolutions communes. Partant de ce constat, cet ouvrage propose les contributions d'une vingtaine de chercheurs internationalement reconnus pour l'actualité et la qualité de leurs travaux sur la profession enseignante dans leurs sociétés respectives, soit l'Angleterre, la Belgique, le Brésil, le Cana...