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A photographer and a historian explore a vast archive of Spanish colonial history. At a time when Western nations are being urged to confront their colonial past, this book examines a major archive, revealing the scale of the Spanish colonial enterprise in South and Central America. Established in 1785, the Archivo General de Indias in Seville holds roughly three hundred years of Spanish colonial history in the Americas. It houses 8,000 charts and around ninety million documents--among them Christopher Columbus's logbook and the famous Treaty of Tordesillas which, mediated by the Pope and signed in 1494, entitled the Spanish and Portuguese kings to divide the world between them. With this treaty as a starting point, the historian Martin Zimmermann journeys into the age of discovery and recounts stories of dangerous passages, encounters with the unknown, colonial brutality, and the power of cartographers, illustrating the insatiable lust of colonialists to conquer, exploit, and own the world. Ursula Schulz-Dornburg's photographs show the archive before its redevelopment in 2002, offering a unique view into one of Europe's most significant archives.
Die Rolle von Gewalt in den antiken Gesellschaften In der Rückschau erscheint uns die Antike oft als helle, aufgeklärte Epoche, ein Lichtblick der Menschheitsgeschichte. Dabei vergessen wir jedoch, dass auch die antiken Hochkulturen von Gewalt durchdrungen waren, dass ihre Zeugnisse in Bild und Schrift von Schlachten, Morden und Misshandlungen sprechen. Im Mittelpunkt dieses Buches stehen daher nicht edle Körper, die strahlende Marmorarchitektur und die literarische Hochkultur, sondern die schrecklichen Gewaltexzesse, die diese Epoche ebenfalls prägten. Wie grausam regierten die Herrscher der Antike? Wie und zu welchem Zweck wurde Gewalt dargestellt? Martin Zimmermann widmet sich erstmals der bisher wenig beachteten Schattenseite der Antike und zeigt, welche Schlüsse wir aus den blutrünstigen Überlieferungen des Altertums ziehen müssen.
Synthesizing specific clusters as a component of useful nanostructures or controlling them as an assembly of nanocomposites is the ultimate aim. In order to understand how to synthesize individual clusters or to investigate its properties, a variety of first-principles and empirical calculations and related computer simulations have been performed alongside numerous experiments.
Plant Diseases An Advanced Treatise, Volume III: How Plants Suffer from Disease deals with the mechanism on how individual plants suffer from disease. Organized into 19 chapters, this volume discusses plant growth, the conceptual theory of disease development in plants, and the occurrence of different kinds of impairment in diseased plant system. The opening chapters outline the array of physiological functions that are essential in the growth and development of healthy plants. This text also describes the effect of disease on the capture, transfer, and utilization of energy by plants. The subsequent chapters discuss specific types of dysfunction in plant system, including food flow, water s...
Despite fragmentation, heterogeneity and the continuous pressure of the Ottoman Empire, early modern “divided Hungary” witnessed a surprising cultural flourishing in the sixteenth century, and maintained its common cultural identity in the seventeenth century. This could hardly have been possible without intense exchange with the rest of Europe. This three-volume series about early modern Hungary divided by Ottoman presence approaches themes of exchange of information and knowledge from two perspectives, namely, exchange through traditional channels provided by religious/educational institutions and the system of European study tours (Volume 1 – Study Tours and Intellectual-Religious R...