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Targeted Delivery of an ADP-ribosylating Bacterial Toxin Into Cancer Cells
Abstract: The actin cytoskeleton, a central component of many cellular functions, is an attractive target for bacterial toxins. The ADP-ribosyltransferase TccC3 of the insect pathogen Photorhabdus luminescence modifies actin to force its aggregation. We intended to transport the catalytic part of this toxin preferentially into cancer cells. For this we used a toxin transporter which was redirected to the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) or to the human EGF receptor 2 (HER2), which are overexpressed in several cancer cells. Protective antigen (PA) of anthrax toxin forms a pore through which the two catalytic parts of anthrax toxin (lethal factor and edema factor) or other proteins can ...
Targeting Oncogenic Ras by the Clostridium Perfringens Toxin TpeL
Abstract: Clostridium perfringens toxin TpeL belongs to the family of large clostridial glycosylating toxins. The toxin causes N-acetylglucosaminylation of Ras proteins at threonine35 thereby inactivating the small GTPases. Here, we show that all main types of oncogenic Ras proteins (H-Ras, K-Ras and N-Ras) are modified by the toxin in vitro and in vivo. Toxin-catalyzed modification of Ras was accompanied by inhibition of the MAP kinase pathway. Importantly, TpeL inhibited the paradoxical activation of the MAP kinase pathway induced by the BRAF inhibitor Vemurafenib in the human melanoma cell line SBCL2. The toxin also blocked Ras signaling in a zebrafish embryo model expressing oncogenic H-...
Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Smart Innovation, Ergonomics and Applied Human Factors (SEAHF)
This book addresses a range of real-world issues including industrial activity, energy management, education, business and health. Today, technology is a part of virtually every human activity, and is used to support, monitor and manage equipment, facilities, commodities, industry, business, and individuals’ health, among others. As technology evolves, new applications, methods and techniques arise, while at the same time citizens’ expectations from technology continue to grow. In order to meet the nearly insatiable demand for new applications, better performance and higher reliability, trustworthiness, security, and power consumption efficiency, engineers must deliver smart innovations,...
G Protein Signaling
Alan V. Smrcka presents a collection of cutting-edge methods for investigating G protein signaling from a variety of perspectives ranging from in vitro biochemistry to whole animal studies. Among the readily reproducible techniques presented are those for the purification of G proteins and effectors enzymes, assays of these purified G proteins and effector enzymes, and for the study of G proteins interactions with effectors in intact cells. Additional methods are provided for assaying G protein coupled receptor structure, function, and localization, and for studying the physiological roles for endogenous G proteins.
Practical Raman Spectroscopy
This text offers an open-learning approach to Raman spectroscopy providing detail on instrumentation, applications and discussions questions throughout the book. It provides a valuable guide to assist with teaching Raman spectroscopy which is gaining attention in (analytical) chemistry, and as a consequence, teaching programs have followed. Today, education in Raman spectroscopy is often limited to theoretical aspects (e.g. selection rules), but practical aspects are usually disregarded. With these course notes, the author hopes to fill this gap and include information about Raman instrumentation and how it is interpreted. Provides a user-friendly text that tackles the theoretical background...
Hépatotoxicité médicamenteuse
Ce volume rassemble les textes des communications faites lors du symposium organisé à Rouen les 23 et 24 mai 1985. Au cours de ce colloque sur l'hépatotoxicité, les sujets suivants ont été abordés : les aspects chimiques et anatomopathologiques des hépatites aiguës et chroniques d'origine médicamenteuse, les méca¬nismes d'action (qui ont occupé la plus grande partie de ces communications), les mécanismes de protection cellulaire vis-à-vis de certains métabolites toxiques, la quantification de la toxicité hépatique... Il est impossible de tout citer mais il est certain que l'ouvrage constitue un excellent document de travail pour tous ceux qui sont préoccupés par ce problème de l'hépatotoxicité tant expérimentale qu'humaine.
GTPase Protocols
In the last 10 years researchers have firmly established key roles for R- related GTPases in almost every aspect of cell biology. In the 1980s the pro- oncogene Ras itself was the focus of interest, though in the 1990s this shifted to the increasing variety of Ras-related proteins. In this new decade much yet needs to be done to establish the role for all the small GTPases now uncovered by the human genome project. In particular, these GTPases need to be und- stood in the appropriate biochemical and cellular contexts. In the process of trying to uncover the role of these versatile proteins, a variety of novel te- niques and methodologies has been developed. These now enable investi- tors to ...
The Export of Hazard
This report, first published in 1985, written by a distinguished group of legal and public policy experts, documents the growing trade in hazardous industries and toxic products. Hazard export threatens the health and environment of workers and ordinary citizens the world over. It is carried out by transnational corporations, in order to locate their most dangerous industrial activities outside the US, in countries where regulatory controls may be less strict. The issues represented here include occupational safety, environmental protection, international relations and problems of legal control. Attention is focused on the political and economic impact of hazard export on the US, Europe and developing countries, and the book’s critical analysis is addressed directly to the institutional level best suited to constructive action. This title will be of interest to students of business studies.
