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This updated edition of the bestselling guidebook helps middle and high school science teachers reach English learners in their classrooms. The guide offers practical guidance, powerful and concrete strategies, and sample lesson scenarios that can be implemented immediately in any science class. It includes rubrics to help teachers identify the most important language skills at five ELD levels; practical guidance and tips from the field; seven scaffolding strategies for differentiating instruction; seven tools to promote academic language and scientific discourse; assessment techniques and accommodations to lower communication barriers for English learners; and two integrated lesson scenarios demonstrating how to combine and embed these various strategies, tools, techniques, and approaches. The volume is designed for teachers who have had limited preparation for teaching science in classrooms where some students are also English learners.
FOREWORD The core concept is not just saving money, but saving time and energy as well. These savings are multiplied together, giving you more money to invest. To summarize, I created the equation: $ET = M2 to INVEST, in which saving Money, Energy, and Time ($ET) are multiplied to generate (=) More Money (M2) to INVEST. This equation is fundamental to your success! You must be prepared to take action to start having enough money to accomplish your goals, to stop living paycheck to paycheck, and to retire early. If you are on course to make the same income as last year or, worse, facing declining take-home pay because of ever-increasing taxes, medical costs and declining economy, dont give up...
The present volume is as much a book co-authored by all the contributors as it is an edited collection of their papers. Most of the contributors have been involved in regular discussions over the past years, often inspiring the questions, or some aspects of the proposals, in each other's papers or actually collaborating on co-authored papers. ! For this reason, the contributions make related assumptions and explore highly related issues. The organization of the volume reflects this unity of aims and interests. It starts out with an overview of some of the shared formal background, and the chapters are arranged in a sequence that is intended to invite the reader to proceed from one directly t...
This practical book helps middle and high school mathematics teachers effectively reach English learners in their classrooms. Designed for teachers who have had limited preparation for teaching mathematics to English learners, the guide offers an integrated approach to teaching mathematics content and English language skills, including guidance on best instructional practices from the field, powerful and concrete strategies for teaching mathematics content along with academic language, and sample lesson scenarios that can be implemented immediately in any mathematics class. It includes: Rubrics to help teachers identify the most important language skills at five ELD levels Practical guidance...
Most important to being a good science teacher is holding the expectation that all students can be scientists and think critically. Providing a thinking curriculum is especially important for those children in diverse classrooms who have been underserved by our educational system. OCo Becoming Scientists. Good science starts with a question, perhaps from the teacher at the start of a science unit or from the children as they wonder what makes a toy car move, how food decomposes, or why leaves change color. Using inquiry science, children discover answers to their questions in the same way that scientists doOCothey design experiments, make predictions, observe and describe, offer and test exp...
ELD and ELA standards for listening, speaking, reading and writing are displayed for grade levels 6 through 12. The purpose of this document is to help teachers, schools, and districts see the relationship between California's English Language Development (ELD) and English Language Arts (ELA) standards and to help them design and implement an articulated and integrated system of instruction and assessment for English learners.
This resource guide begins by outlining the theory underlying the literacy work and then lays out the framework for the supports included in the Readers series.
A study of pronominal agreement with imposters, third person DPs (this reporter, yours truly, my lord, Madam) that denote the speaker or addressee. Normally, a speaker uses a first person singular pronoun (in English, I, me, mine, myself) to refer to himself or herself. To refer to a single addressee, a speaker uses second person pronouns (you, yours, yourself). But sometimes third person nonpronominal DPs are used to refer to the speaker—for example, this reporter, yours truly—or to the addressee—my lord, the baroness, Madam (Is Madam not feeling well?). Chris Collins and Paul Postal refer to these DPs as imposters because their third person exterior hides a first or second person cor...
This volume consists of an introduction and two groups of essays by Paul M. Postal, each with a connecting theme. The first, positive group of papers, contains five previously unpublished studies of English syntax. These include a long study of so-called "locative inversion," two investigations related to raising to non-subject status, an argument for the existence of a hitherto ignored nominal grammatical category and a study of vulgar negative polarity items. Each investigation of specific English details is argued to have significant theoretical consequences. The second, negative group of papers, contains seven essays each of which seeks to show that aspects of contemporary linguistic act...
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