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Visual Dysfunction in Schizophrenia: A View into the Mechanisms of Madness?
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 320

Visual Dysfunction in Schizophrenia: A View into the Mechanisms of Madness?

Research on visual perception in schizophrenia has a long history. However, it is only recently that it has been included in mainstream efforts to understand the cognitive neuroscience of the disorder and to assist with biomarker and treatment development (e.g., the NIMH CNTRICS and RDoC initiatives). Advances in our understanding of visual disturbances in schizophrenia can tell us about both specific computational and neurobiological abnormalities, and about the widespread computational and neurobiological abnormalities in the illness, of which visual disturbances constitute well-studied, replicable, low-level examples. Importantly, far from being a passive sensory registration process, vis...

Eye Movement Research
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 1017

Eye Movement Research

This edited volume presents fundamentals as well as applications of oculomotor methods in industrial and clinical settings. The topical spectrum covers 1.) basics and background material, 2.) methods such as recording techniques, markov models, Lévy flights, pupillometry and many more, as well as 3.) a broad range of applications in clinical and industrial settings. The target audience primarily comprises research experts and practitioners, but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students.

Historical Roots of Psychopathology
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 62

Historical Roots of Psychopathology

New advances of the neuroscience supported by a refined, reliable and valid phenotyping (e.g., at the level of symptoms and not at the level of disorders), are bringing some promising results. The mapping of clinical phenomenology on specific brain dysfunction is now becoming plausible and the resulting functional psychopathology may in the future significantly replace the present nosology (Jablensky, 2010). Nevertheless, as Andreasen (2007) points out: “Applying technology without companionship of wise clinicians with specific expertise in psychopathology will be a lonely, sterile and perhaps fruitless enterprise.” Some of the chapters of this Ebook deal with aspects which are essential to the historical understanding of mental symptoms and disorders.

When Psychopharmacology is Not Enough
  • Language: en

When Psychopharmacology is Not Enough

Accompanied by checklist, question form, and 2 strategy cards in pocket, p. [3] of cover.

Psychotic Disorders
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 709

Psychotic Disorders

"The definition of psychotic spectrum disorders such as schizophrenia has evolved with changing nosogy and scientific advancements over the last 200 years. Understanding both the historical evolution of the concept as well as recent changes reflected in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) as well as the National Institute of Health's (NIH) Research Domain Criteria (RDOC) framework are critical for informing current efforts to further update and refine the nosology of psychotic spectrum disorders. This chapter offers an overview of past classification schemes, current standards, and novel approaches to further improve the validity of these definitions through use of biomarkers, reverse nosologies, and digital phenotyping tools like smartphones and sensors"--

The Descent of Madness
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 286

The Descent of Madness

  • Type: Book
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  • Published: 2007-03-12
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  • Publisher: Routledge

Drawing on evidence from across the behavioural and natural sciences, this book advances a radical new hypothesis: that madness exists as a costly consequence of the evolution of a sophisticated social brain in Homo sapiens. Having explained the rationale for an evolutionary approach to psychosis, the author makes a case for psychotic illness in our living ape relatives, as well as in human ancestors. He then reviews existing evolutionary theories of psychosis, before introducing his own thesis: that the same genes causing madness are responsible for the evolution of our highly social brain. Jonathan Burns’ novel Darwinian analysis of the importance of psychosis for human survival provides some meaning for this form of suffering. It also spurs us to a renewed commitment to changing our societies in a way that allows the mentally ill the opportunity of living. The Descent of Madness will be of interest to those in the fields of psychiatry, psychology, sociology and anthropology, and is also accessible to the general reader.

Time Distortions in Mind
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 406

Time Distortions in Mind

  • Type: Book
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  • Published: 2015-07-14
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  • Publisher: BRILL

Time Distortions in Mind brings together current research on aspects of temporal processing in clinical populations, in the ultimate hope of elucidating the interdependence between perturbations in timing and disturbances in the mind and brain. Such research may inform not only typical psychological functioning, but may also elucidate the psychological consequences of any pathophysiological differences in temporal processing. This collection of current knowledge on temporal processing in clinical populations is an excellent reference for the student and scientist interested in the topic, but it also serves as the stepping-stone to share ideas and push forward the advancement in understanding...

What levels of explanation in the behavioural sciences?
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 93

What levels of explanation in the behavioural sciences?

Complex systems are to be seen as typically having multiple levels of organization. For instance, in the behavioural and cognitive sciences, there has been a long lasting trend, promoted by the seminal work of David Marr, putting focus on three distinct levels of analysis: the computational level, accounting for the What and Why issues, the algorithmic and the implementational levels specifying the How problem. However, the tremendous developments in neuroscience knowledge about processes at different scales of organization together with the complexity of today cognitive theories suggest that there will hardly be only three levels of explanation. Instead, there will be many different degrees...