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We acknowledge the initiation and support of this Research Topic by the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS).
This updated and enlarged second edition is a unique source of information on the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of metabolic diseases. The clinical and laboratory data characteristic of rare metabolic conditions can be bewildering for clinicians and laboratory personnel alike – reference laboratory data is scattered, and clinical descriptions can be obscure. The new Physician’s Guide with the additional more than 600 diseases now featured, documents 1200 conditions grouped according to type of disorder, organ system affected (e.g. liver, kidney, etc) or phenotype (e.g. neurological, hepatic, etc). It includes relevant clinical findings and highlights the pathological values for diagnostic metabolites. Guidance on appropriate biochemical genetic testing is also provided and established experimental therapeutic protocols are described, with recommendations on follow-up and monitoring. The authors are acknowledged experts, and the book is a valuable desk reference for all who deal with inherited metabolic diseases. Chapter 73 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com
B-lymphocyte development and function remains an exciting area of research for those interested in the physiology and pathology of the immune system in higher animals. While recent advances in genetics and cellular and molecular biology have provided a large spectrum of powerful new experimental tools in this field, it is both time consuming and often very difficult for a student or just any bench-side worker to identify a reliable experimental protocol in the ocean of the literature. The aim of B Cell Protocols is to provide a collection of diverse protocols ranging from the latest inventions and applications to some classic, but still frequently used methods in B-cell biology. The authors ...
We acknowledge the initiation and support of this Research Topic by the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS). We hereby state publicly that the IUIS has had no editorial input in articles included in this Research Topic, thus ensuring that all aspects of this Research Topic are evaluated objectively, unbiased by any specific policy or opinion of the IUI.
Vaccines prevent 3 million of deaths every year and are a crucial to combat antimicrobial resistance. An optimal implementation of existing vaccines could help to avert up to 1.5 million deaths as well as substantial disabilities. Indeed, vulnerable populations (VPs), including pregnant women, newborns, preterm infants, elderly and patients affected by chronic diseases are frequently undervaccinated and/or at risk of reduced vaccine efficacy, presenting a major health and economic burden to society. Vaccine development programs mainly focus on healthy populations; therefore, vaccination strategies are often based on data arising from healthy subjects.
The intestine has several means for maintaining immune homeostasis and for avoiding inflammation despite massive antigenic stimulation by food components and by commensal bacteria residing in the gut mucosa. These mechanisms include physical and biological barriers such as (i) the intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB); (ii) the gut vascular barrier (GVB) and (iii) the mucus layer. In particular, the mucus layer does not simply act as a diffusion barrier but has important dynamic functions that regulate the type of commensal bacteria residing in the inner mucus layer, enabling the passage of food and bacterial products into the gut tissue and systemic circulation. Importantly, the mucosal layer...