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O presente livro tem o escopo de investigar se a fundamentação das decisões judiciais pode ou não ser considerada um direito fundamental e de descobrir quais são as suas condições de possibilidade. A obra examina a tese do Direito como Integridade, desenvolvida por Ronald Dworkin, com o propósito de apontar elementos de limitação do poder estatal e de justificação dos provimentos jurisdicionais baseados em princípios. Reflete a respeito da integridade no Direito e da busca por respostas corretas ou adequadas, que precisam ser construídas com coerência de princípio, tarefa que ressalta a importância da interpretação construtiva das práticas sociais, entre elas, o Direito. ...
Seria o direito uma ciência? Com essa pergunta, inúmeros debates são iniciados com o objetivo de tentar entender se o direito pode ou não ser pensado como uma área do conhecimento independente. De um lado, os cientistas jurídicos com argumentos válidos sobre a delimitação de nosso objeto de estudo. De outro, os pragmáticos que observam no direito, acima de tudo, uma atividade prática e que deve ser pensada sob a égide das relações sociais e de poder. Entretanto, numa sociedade funcionalmente diferenciada, como diria Niklas Luhmann, os conflitos sociais que são mediados pelo direito cada vez mais mostram a necessidade, acima de tudo, do diálogo. Diálogo epistemológico, prático, teórico e linguístico. Em outras palavras, interdisciplinaridade. Neste sentido, os artigos selecionados para esta coletânea demonstram de forma clara que ao invés de um enfraquecimento do direito, a interdisciplinaridade é uma das formas que o sistema jurídico possui para se reinventar, reinterpretar e conseguir, cada vez mais, entender um corpo social em constante ebulição, mudança e aumento de complexidade.
This volume covers all aspects of the antibiotic discovery and development process through Phase II/III. The contributors, a group of highly experienced individuals in both academics and industry, include chapters on the need for new antibiotic compounds, strategies for screening for new antibiotics, sources of novel synthetic and natural antibiotics, discovery phases of lead development and optimization, and candidate compound nominations into development. Beyond discovery , the handbook will cover all of the studies to prepare for IND submission: Phase I (safety and dose ranging), progression to Phase II (efficacy), and Phase III (capturing desired initial indications). This book walks the reader through all aspects of the process, which has never been done before in a single reference. With the rise of antibiotic resistance and the increasing view that a crisis may be looming in infectious diseases, there are strong signs of renewed emphasis in antibiotic research. The purpose of the handbook is to offer a detailed overview of all aspects of the problem posed by antibiotic discovery and development.
During the last two decades the judiciary has come to play an increasingly important political role in Latin America. Constitutional courts and supreme courts are more active in counterbalancing executive and legislative power than ever before. At the same time, the lack of effective citizenship rights has prompted ordinary people to press their claims and secure their rights through the courts. This collection of essays analyzes the diverse manifestations of the judicialization of politics in contemporary Latin America, assessing their positive and negative consequences for state-society relations, the rule of law, and democratic governance in the region. With individual chapters exploring Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela, it advances a comparative framework for thinking about the nature of the judicialization of politics within contemporary Latin American democracies.
Latin America offers a democratic and constitutional process, with the goals to respect fundamental human rights and control the excess of power. Nevertheless, the weaknesses of the rule of law’s institutions does not guarantee for all citizens the protection of old and new rights. In this sense, the Inter-American Fundamental Rights Conference organized by the Inter-American Network on Fundamental Rights and Democracy (RED–IDD) is an annual meeting of professors and researchers from the different universities of Latin America, addressing topics of particular importance regarding the possibilities and challenges of the consolidation of the constitutional state in the region. This book presents the minutes of the Fourth Inter-American Fundamental Rights Conference, and explores topics such as political rights and the consolidation of democracy in Latin America; impeachment and judicial guarantees; the challenges of freedom of information: and judicial protection and due process, amongst others.
In Russia, as the confrontation over the constitutional distribution of authority raged, Boris Yeltsin's economic program regularly wended its way in and out of the Constitutional Court until Yeltsin finally suspended that court in the aftermath of his clash with the hard-line parliament. In Europe, French and German legislators and executives now routinely alter desired policies in response to or in anticipation of the pronouncements of constitutional courts. In Latin America and Africa, courts are--or will be-- important participants in ongoing efforts to establish constitutional rules and policies protect new or fragile democracies from the threats of military intervention, ethnic conflic...
This major history of judicial review, revised to include the Rehnquist court, shows how modern courts have used their power to create new "rights with fateful political consequences." Originally published by Basic Books.