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This volume is a state-of-the-art survey of the psychology of reasoning, based around, and in tribute to, one of the field’s most eminent figures: Jonathan St B.T. Evans. In this collection of cutting edge research, Evans’ collaborators and colleagues review a wide range of important and developing areas of inquiry. These include biases in thinking, probabilistic and causal reasoning, people’s use of ‘if’ sentences in arguments, the dual-process theory of thought, and the nature of human rationality. These foundational issues are examined from various angles and finally integrated in a concluding panoramic chapter written by Evans himself. The eighteen chapters, all written by leading international researchers, combine state-of the-art research with investigation into the most fundamental questions surrounding human mental life, such as: What is the architecture of the human mind? Are humans rational, and what is the nature of this rationality? How do we think hypothetically? The Science of Reason offers a unique combination of breadth, depth and integrative vision, making it an indispensable resource for researchers and students of human reason.
The area of psychological research reviewed in this book is one that is not only increasing in popularity in college curricula, but is also making an ever larger impact on the world outside the classroom. Drawing upon research originally cited in Ken Manktelow’s highly successful publication Reasoning and Thinking, this completely rewritten textbook reflects on the revolutionary changes that have occurred in the field in recent years, stemming from the huge expansion in research output, as well as new methods and explanations, and the appearance of numerous books on the subject aimed at the popular market. The main areas covered are probability judgment, deductive and inductive reasoning, ...
This completely rewritten textbook reflects on the revolutionary changes that have occurred in the field of Thinking and Reasoning in recent years.
This special issue of "Thinking and Reasoning" is devoted to social judgement theory SJT, which has its origins in Egon Brunswik's probabilistic functionalism.; The first paper discusses the history and theory of SJT and explores Hammond's distinction between coherence and correspondence criteria. The next paper presents the major methodological approaches of SJT, with a focus on the Lens Model. Four applications follow, including an exploration of the medical applications of SJT.
Learning and Studying looks at how psychologists study the crucial processes of learning and studying in higher education. James Hartley uses current research to explore such topics as: learning theory and educational practice, personality and learning, older learners, improving learning skills, learning and human-computer interaction and assessment and evaluation. Written in a lively style and full of up-to-date material, examples and case studies, Learning and Studying offers plenty of advice to today's consumers of educational practice - students and their teachers.
Since the mid-80s several laboratories around the world have been developing techniques for the operational use of tests derived from item-generation. According to the experts, the major thrust of test development in the next decade will be the harnessing of item generation technology to the production of computer developed tests. This is expected to revolutionize the way in which tests are constructed and delivered. This book is a compilation of the papers presented at a symposium held at ETS in Princeton, attended by the world's foremost experts in item-generation theory and practice. Its goal is to present the major applications of cognitive principles in the construction of ability, aptitude, and achievement tests. It is an intellectual contribution to test development that is unique, with great potential for changing the ways tests are generated. The intended market includes professional educators and psychologists interested in test generation.
The papers in this Special Issue are derived from presentations at the 17th Conference on Subjective Probability, Utility and Decision Making.
This book brings together current information on the teaching and practice of psychology collected by experts in the field from throughout the world. It is highly recommended by prominent U.S. psychologists Dr. Ann O’Roark, President of the International Council of Psychologists (ICP), Dr. Wilbert McKeachie and Dr. Phillip Zimbardo, former President of the American Psychological Association (APA) and well-known international textbook author. Here are what other leaders in the discipline say about the book:
First Published in 2002. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Concerns about the quality of teaching and learning in higher education have given rise to teacher development programs and centers around the world. This book investigates the challenges and complexities of creating instructional development programs for present and future academics. Using case studies from a variety of countries including Estonia, Singapore, the United States and the United Kingdom, it examines issues that are important for higher education researchers as well as higher education managers. The book includes international responses to the need to improve teaching in higher education. It demonstrates many different ways success may be understood, and investigates what factors may influence the results of instructional development. Contributors use these factors to explain program success through theoretical frameworks. This book also provides input for higher-education managers by pointing out how the local context and both institutional and national policy-making may help or hinder the effective preparation of professors for their teaching responsibilities.