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Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths
This volume of the Handbook is the first of a two-volume set of reviews devoted to the rare-earth-based high-temperature oxide superconductors (commonly known as hiTC superconductors). The history of hiTC superconductors is a few months short of being 14 years old when Bednorz and Müller published their results which showed that (La,BA)2CuO4 had a superconducting transition of ~30 K, which was about 7K higher than any other known superconducting material. Within a year the upper temperature limit was raised to nearly 100K with the discovery of an ~90K superconducting transition in YBa2Cu3O7-&dgr;. The announcement of a superconductor with a transition temperature higher than the boiling point of liquid nitrogen set-off a frenzy of research on trying to find other oxide hiTC superconductors. Within a few months the maximum superconducting transition reached 110 K (Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3010, and then 122K (TlBa2Ca3Cu4O11. It took several years to push TC up another 11 K to 133 K with the discovery of superconductivity in HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8, which is still the record holder today.
Handbook of Superconducting Materials
With the advent of High Temperature Superconductivity and the increasing reliability of fabrication techniques, superconductor technology has moved firmly into the mainstream of academic and industrial research. There is currently no single source of practical information giving guidance on which technique to use for any particular category of superconductor. An increasing number of materials scientists and electrical engineers require easy access to practical information, sensible advice and guidance on 'best-practice' and reliable, proven fabrication and characterisation techniques.The Handbook will be the definitive collection of material describing techniques for the fabrication and anal...
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis
Praise for the previous editions "An excellent text . . . will no doubt provide the benchmark for comparative works for many years." —Journal of the American Chemical Society "An excellent state-of-the-art compilation of catalytic asymmetric chemistry . . . should be included in any chemistry reference collection." —Choice "This is a tremendous resource and an excellent read. I recommend immediate purchase." —Perkin Transactions Since this important work was first published in 1993, the field of catalytic asymmetric synthesis has grown explosively, spawning effective new methods for obtaining enantiomerically pure compounds on a large scale and stimulating new applications in diverse f...
Adverse Cutaneous Drug Eruptions
An indispensable tool for understanding, diagnosing and managing this common clinical problem The skin is one of the most frequently involved organs in adverse drug reactions. Occurring with an incidence of 1-5% for certain types of drugs, cutaneous drug eruptions are mostly benign in nature, and comprise the maculopapular type of eruption and urticaria. However, about one third of them require hospital treatment, leading to a considerable burden for the health care system. In this book, a selected group of experts provide an up-to-date, condensed and clinically relevant overview of the field of cutaneous drug eruptions, ranging from epidemiology and genetic predisposition to available therapeutic measures, including rapid drug desensitization. Reflecting the great progress made in recent years in this field, this publication will be a useful tool for a better understanding, diagnosis and management of cutaneous drug eruptions, not only for general physicians, dermatologists and clinical allergologists, but also for nurses and scientists.
Advances in Diagnosis and Management of Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions
This resource guides prescribers, pharmacists, and regulators with an update on the recent expansion of basic and clinical knowledge that forms a framework for understanding cutaneous reactions. This understanding will lead, in turn, to better outcomes and decisions in treatment and management, both in the clinic and in the life cycle of drug development. The skin is a common target for adverse drug events and even mild rashes can be part of life-threatening syndromes. Patients and practitioners often face important decisions about therapy after a drug eruption, including treatment, cross-reactivity with future pharmaceuticals, genetic considerations and dealing with long-term sequelae after a reaction. An international team of experts and leaders in the field share their story and insights into the scientific details and relevant clinical context.
New Research on Superconductivity and Magnetism
Superconductivity is the ability of certain materials to conduct electrical current with no resistance and extremely low losses. High temperature superconductors, such as La2-xSrxCuOx (Tc=40K) and YBa2Cu3O7-x (Tc=90K), were discovered in 1987 and have been actively studied since. In spite of an intense, world-wide, research effort during this time, a complete understanding of the copper oxide (cuprate) materials is still lacking. Many fundamental questions are unanswered, particularly the mechanism by which high-Tc superconductivity occurs. More broadly, the cuprates are in a class of solids with strong electron-electron interactions. An understanding of such "strongly correlated" solids is ...
High-Temperature Superconductors and Novel Inorganic Materials
Research into high-Tc materials demands the co-operation of physicists, chemists and materials scientists to discover the best solutions to the most important challenges presented by the field. In the fifth annual Workshop on High Temperature Superconductors and Novel Inorganic Materials Engineering, the topic is extended beyond high-Tc superconductivity to include other advanced oxide materials, mainly colossal magnetoresistance materials, which are closely related to the ceramic superconductors. This book covers the synthesis, characterisation (both structural and physical) and engineering of this class of materials.
Gamma-Delta T Cells
Over the last 15 years, since the discovery of the T cell receptor gamma and delta genes, rapid progress has been made toward the understanding of the biology of gamma-delta T cells. They differ from conventional alpha-beta T cells not only in T cell receptor composition, but also in their development, tissue distribution, and physiological functions. This volume contains seven chapters contributed by experts on different aspects of gamma-delta T cells, including the natural ligands for gamma-delta T cell receptors, IL-7-dependent regulation of gamma-delta T cell development, cytokine-mediated intercellular communication of gamma-delta T cells with other cell types, and their physiological functions in innate and adaptive immune responses. The comprehensive review articles collected in this volume will be of interest to basic immunologists who wish to update their knowledge on the biology of gamma-delta T cells. The book also provides a unique opportunity for non-immunologists and clinicians to understand how the immune system is specifically equipped to protect the body against pathogens at the environmental interface.
Flux Pinning in Superconductors
The book covers the flux pinning mechanisms and properties and the electromagnetic phenomena caused by the flux pinning common for metallic, high-Tc and MgB2 superconductors. The condensation energy interaction known for normal precipitates or grain boundaries and the kinetic energy interaction proposed for artificial Nb pins in Nb-Ti, etc. are introduced for the pinning mechanism. Summation theories to derive the critical current density are discussed in detail. Irreversible magnetization and AC loss caused by the flux pinning are also discussed. The loss originally stems from the ohmic dissipation of normal electrons in the normal core driven by the electric field induced by the flux motio...
Superconductors at the Nanoscale
By covering theory, design, and fabrication of nanostructured superconducting materials, this monograph is an invaluable resource for research and development. Examples are energy saving solutions, healthcare, and communication technologies. Key ingredients are nanopatterned materials which help to improve the superconducting critical parameters and performance of superconducting devices, and lead to novel functionalities. Contents Tutorial on nanostructured superconductors Imaging vortices in superconductors: from the atomic scale to macroscopic distances Probing vortex dynamics on a single vortex level by scanning ac-susceptibility microscopy STM studies of vortex cores in strongly confine...
