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Stress and the Developing Brain
The human brain does not develop in a vacuum according to a set of predetermined blueprints--it is involved in a dynamic interplay with the environment that influences gene expression and ultimately structure and function. Some cortical regions, such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC) undergo structural changes throughout the adolescent period and into early adulthood, making their structure and functions particularly interesting to study with respect to gene-environment interactions. Repeated exposure to stress is a predisposing factor in the emergence of various mental illnesses, such as anxiety and depression, although this is by no means an absolute relationship. While some people appear to ...
Diet, Nutrition, and Fetal Programming
This volume offers the most comprehensive coverage on fetal programming. Chapters are written by authors of international and national standing, leaders in the field and trendsetters. The clinical relevance of the current research is emphasized in each chapter, which also contains key points, key words, and concise summaries for ease of learning. Fetal programming affects conditions in the immediate postnatal period, as well as in later life and adulthood. These conditions include cardiovascular disease, frank hypertension, stroke, dyslipidemia, coagulopathy, increased insulin resistance-metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes, leukemia, testicular cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, polycys...
Cognitive Ecology
Cognitive Ecology lays the foundations for a field of study that integrates theory and data from evolutionary ecology and cognitive science to investigate how animal interactions with natural habitats shape cognitive systems, and how constraints imposed on nervous systems limit or bias animal behavior. Using critical literature reviews and theoretical models, the contributors provide new insights and raise novel questions about the adaptive design of specific brain capacities and about optimal behavior subject to the computational capabilities of brains.
Advances in Chemical Signals in Vertebrates
The field of olfactory research and chemical communication is in the early stages of revolutionary change, and many aspects of this revolution are reflected in the chapters in this book. Thus, it should serve admirably as an up-to-date reference. First, a wide range of vertebrate groups and species are represented. Second, there are excellent reviews of specific topics and theoretical approaches to communication by odors, including chapters on signal specialization and evolution in mammals, the evolution of hormonal pheromones in fish, alarm pheromones in fish, chemical repellents, the chemical signals involved in endocrine responses in mice, and the controversy over human pheromones. Third,...
Psychoneuroendocrinology Research Trends
Psychoneuroendocrinology is the clinical study of hormone fluctuations and their relationship to human behaviour. It may be viewed from the perspective of psychiatry, where in certain mood disorders, there are associated neuroendocrine or hormonal changes. It may also be viewed from the perspective of endocrinology, where certain endocrine disorders can be associated with psychiatric illness. It is the blend of psychiatry and endocrinology. This new book presents the latest research advances in the field.
Adolescent Brain Development
Adolescent brain development is a fascinating, newly developing field that has so much to offer almost anyone interested in learning more. Adolescence has only come to be established as a unique developmental phase in the last few decades or so. We now know that the human brain undergoes dramatic developmental changes in the postnatal period, not only early after birth but also extending all the way into adulthood. These changes are not uniform, in that the brain regions undergoing the most change during adolescence are not the same as the regions that changed most in the early life period, and the processes of change also differ as we age. Some of the most important changes that we see duri...
Development of the Hypothalamus
The involvement of key factors operating independently or in cooperation with others contributes to physical and physiological mechanisms to help engineer a vertebrate hypothalamus. The actions of these key factors influence developmental mechanisms including neurogenesis, cell migration, cell differentiation, cell death, axon guidance, and synaptogenesis. On a molecular level, there are several ways to categorize the actions of factors that drive brain development. These range from the actions of transcription factors in cell nuclei that regulate the expression of developmental genes, to external factors in the cellular environment that mediate interactions and cell placements, and to effector molecules that contribute to signaling from one cell to another. Sexual dimorphism is a hallmark of the vertebrate hypothalamus that may arise as a direct consequence of hormone actions or gene actions. These actions may work through any of the mechanisms outlined above. Given the arrangement of cells in groups within the hypothalamus, cell migration may be one particularly important target for early molecular actions that help build the bases for appropriate functions.
Tara
This is the story of three beautiful and talented women: Mabel, gentle Amy and Tara, who is hungry for success and life on her own terms.
