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This study of the Spanish monarchy, bureaucracy and representative government under Charles V before and after the "comunero" revolt (1520-1521) demonstrates how the emperor and Castilian republics institutionalized management procedures that promoted accountability, advanced a meritocracy, and facilitated expansionism and domestic stability.
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 4th Ibero-American Congress, ICSC-CITIES 2021, held in Cancún, Mexico, in November - December 2021. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the conference was partially held online. The 21 full papers and one short paper presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 112 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on computational intelligence for smart cities; urban informatics; internet of things, smart energy and smart grid.
Arterial chemoreceptors are unique structures which continuously monitor changes in arterial blood oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose, and acid. Alterations in these gases are almost instantaneously sensed by arterial chemoreceptors and relayed into a physiological response which restores blood homeostasis. Arterial Chemoreception contains updated material regarding the physiology of the primary arterial chemoreceptor; the carotid body. Moreover, this book also explores tantalizing evidence regarding the contribution of the aortic bodies, chromaffin cells, lung neuroepithelial bodies, and brainstem areas involved in monitoring changes in blood gases. Furthermore this collection includes data showing the critical importance of these chemoreceptors in the pathophysiology of human disease and possible therapeutic treatments. This book is a required text for any researcher in the field of arterial chemoreception for years to come. It is also a critical text for physicians searching for bench-to-bedside treatments for heart failure, sleep apnea, and pulmonary hypertension.
In this thought-provoking book, Rivera argues that evangelical reasoning and symbolism were appropriated to justify the armed seizure of people and land in the New World and to validate the conversion, peaceful or forced, of the natives. He recaptures the 16-century political debates, contrasts "discovery" and conquest, and examines the tragic outcome: demographic collapse from the islands Columbus first sighted to the Inca empire in Peru.
This volume presents different aspects related to bioactive compounds, starting with their natural state in raw sources, physicochemical characterization and employment in pharmacy and medicine. The volume is divided into three parts. The first part describes the chemicals structure of bioactive compounds from different natural sources such as olive oils, wines, and medicinal plants. Special attention has been given to identifying the bioactive composition within variations of these natural sources (for example, extra virgin, ordinary or lampante olive oils). The second part of the volume presents the principal methods used for detecting, identifying and quantifying bioactive compounds. Emph...
Many applications in different domains need to calculate the shortest-path between two points in a graph. In this paper we describe this shortest path problem in detail, starting with the classic Dijkstra's algorithm and moving to more advanced solutions that are currently applied to road network routing, including the use of heuristics and precomputation techniques. Since several of these improvements involve subtle changes to the search space, it may be difficult to appreciate their benefits in terms of time or space requirements. To make methods more comprehensive and to facilitate their comparison, this book presents a single case study that serves as a common benchmark. The paper also c...
The International Symposium on Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence is an annual forum that brings together ideas, projects, lessons, etc. associated with distr- uted computing, artificial intelligence and its applications in different themes. This meeting has been held at the University of Salamanca from the 22th to the 24th of October 2008. This symposium has be organized by the Biomedicine, Intelligent S- tem and Educational Technology Research Group (http://bisite. usal. es/) of the Univ- sity of Salamanca. The technology transfer in this field is still a challenge and for that reason this type of contributions has been specially considered in this edition. This c- ference i...
This book outlining the latest developments in engineering digital transformation gathers a selection of the best papers presented at the 11th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Industrial Management (CIO 2017), held in Valencia, Spain, from July 5th to 6th, 2017. The papers discuss topics in the following areas: strategy and entrepreneurship, OR, modelling and simulation, production, logistics and supply chain management, information systems, quality and product management, knowledge and project management, service systems, and education.
This is the Proceedings of the International Congress of Graphic Design in Architecture, EGA 2018, held in Alicante, Spain, May 30-June 1, 2018. About 200 professionals and researchers from 18 different countries attended the Congress. This book will be of interest to researchers in the field of architecture and Engineering. Topics discussed are Innovations in Architecture, graphic design and architecture, history and heritage among others.