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Technological Change and Labor Markets
In developed countries like the US, Germany and the UK it has been observed that workers who perform non-routine activities, either cognitive or manual, have benefited in terms of employment and income, while those performing routinary tasks have seen their job prospects and wages decline. This has led to a polarization of the labor markets and to a decrease in certain measures of inequality. This phenomenon has been attributed to task-biased technological change (TBTC), which differs from the skilled biased technological change in the fact that not only highly skilled workers have benefited from technology advancement. This book presents evidence of how digitalization and task-biased techno...
La rutinización del empleo en México
Recientemente la literatura pone a discusión la Hipótesis de Cambio Tecnológico Sesgado por Rutina (HCTR), la cual manifiesta la presencia de una polarización del empleo que favorece a trabajadores de alta y baja habilidad en detrimento de los trabajadores que realizan tareas rutinarias, sin embargo, dicha hipótesis probada en países como México, podría mostrar resultados contrarios, por tal motivo, el objetivo de este trabajo es verificar si la HCTR se ha observado en este país. Para tal efecto se utiliza información de la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo (ENOE) de 2012 a 2018; se analizan los salarios y la cantidad de mano de obra que realiza tareas abstractas, rutinarias y manuales; finalmente, se estiman regresiones cuantílicas para obtener los retornos al salario para cada uno de los grupos en los distintos niveles de la distribución del ingreso.JEL: J21, 033.
Tecnologías disruptivas del proceso de globalización
El fenómeno global y globalizante de las innovaciones disruptivas suele estudiarse desde una óptica meramente técnica. Pero las innovaciones disruptivas son también un fenómeno cultural que reclama una mirada desde la óptica de las humanidades. Aunque el fenómeno `disruptivo' no apareció de repente a finales del siglo pasado, se impone inicialmente un escrutinio detallado del pensamiento económico que encapsuló, a modo de credo, el fenómeno disruptivo como una realidad sui generis del más reciente proceso globalizador. Tal análisis aporta la singular paradoja de que el fenómeno disruptivo carecería de un marco teórico válido que permita no solo explicar, sino anticipar su di...
Wines of South America
Introduces the variety and quality of wine available in ten South American countries, exploring the regions, styles, and prominent grapes of the continent's two leading producers, Argentina and Chile, as well other nations' evolving industries.
WJP Rule of Law Index 2016
The World Justice Project (WJP) joins efforts to produce reliable data on rule of law through the WJP Rule of Law Index 2016, the sixth report in an annual series, which measures rule of law based on the experiences and perceptions of the general public and in-country experts worldwide. We hope this annual publication, anchored in actual experiences, will help identify strengths and weaknesses in each country under review and encourage policy choices that strengthen the rule of law. The WJP Rule of Law Index 2016 presents a portrait of the rule of law in each country by providing scores and rankings organized around eights factors: constraints on government powers, absence of corruption, ope...
Wellbeing: The Five Essential Elements
Shows the interconnections among the elements of well-being, how they cannot be considered independently, and provides readers with a research-based approach to improving all aspects of their lives.
Connections
Networks pervade social and economic life, and they play a prominent role in explaining a huge variety of social and economic phenomena. Standard economic theory did not give much credit to the role of networks until the early 1990s, but since then the study of the theory of networks has blossomed. At the heart of this research is the idea that the pattern of connections between individual rational agents shapes their actions and determines their rewards. The importance of connections has in turn motivated the study of the very processes by which networks are formed. In Connections, Sanjeev Goyal puts contemporary thinking about networks and economic activity into context. He develops a gene...
Inequality and the Labor Market
Exploring a new agenda to improve outcomes for American workers As the United States continues to struggle with the impact of the devastating COVID-19 recession, policymakers have an opportunity to redress the competition problems in our labor markets. Making the right policy choices, however, requires a deep understanding of long-term, multidimensional problems. That will be solved only by looking to the failures and unrealized opportunities in anti-trust and labor law. For decades, competition in the U.S. labor market has declined, with the result that American workers have experienced slow wage growth and diminishing job quality. While sluggish productivity growth, rising globalization, a...
How Do the Unemployed Search for a Job? - Evidence from the EU Labour Force Survey
Using harmonized micro data, this paper investigates the job search methods of the unemployed in Europe. The analysis focuses on the importance of individual and household characteristics in this context, as well as on cross-country differences in Europe. Our findings suggest that both individual and household characteristics play an important role, with the latter being more decisive for women. However, even when controlling for these factors, remarkable differences remain between countries, which are associated with institutional characteristics at the country level.
