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Inspiring Sustainable Behaviour
What is the answer to inspiring sustainable behaviour? It starts with a question – or nineteen. With this simple and inspiring guide you'll learn how to ask for persistent, pervasive, and near-costless change by uncovering our hidden quirks, judgmental biases, and apparent irrationalities. The only change you'll need to make is how you ask. Businesses, larger or small, will soon have to cut costs and cut carbon, irrespective of the products they sell, or the services they perform. National government has structural policy and legislative needs, and local government has implementation and documentation needs. Indeed, the new UK government coalition’s approach to transport is simply ‘cut...
Evaluating Evidence of Mechanisms in Medicine
This book is open access under a CC BY license. This book is the first to develop explicit methods for evaluating evidence of mechanisms in the field of medicine. It explains why it can be important to make this evidence explicit, and describes how to take such evidence into account in the evidence appraisal process. In addition, it develops procedures for seeking evidence of mechanisms, for evaluating evidence of mechanisms, and for combining this evaluation with evidence of association in order to yield an overall assessment of effectiveness. Evidence-based medicine seeks to achieve improved health outcomes by making evidence explicit and by developing explicit methods for evaluating it. T...
Automated Identification of Traffic Detector Malfunctions
There is a need to improve signalized intersection operations through identifying malfunctioning detectors, as recent work has shown that errors in data quality and accuracy may be widespread due to issues with aging equipment and unmet maintenance needs. Accordingly, there is a desire for policies, procedures, and techniques to identify malfunctioning detection equipment and evaluate the quality of data produced by detectors. Current tools, including those available through newer Advanced Traffic Controller (ATC) standards, are able to detect major detector failures by examining the presence, absence, or frequency of data being sent by a detector, but these tools are not able to assess the ...
Causality, Probability, and Medicine
Why is understanding causation so important in philosophy and the sciences? Should causation be defined in terms of probability? Whilst causation plays a major role in theories and concepts of medicine, little attempt has been made to connect causation and probability with medicine itself. Causality, Probability, and Medicine is one of the first books to apply philosophical reasoning about causality to important topics and debates in medicine. Donald Gillies provides a thorough introduction to and assessment of competing theories of causality in philosophy, including action-related theories, causality and mechanisms, and causality and probability. Throughout the book he applies them to impor...
Minor Mythologies as Popular Literature
This is the first single-author study of the genres and roots of popular literature in its relation to film and television, exploring the effects of academic snobbery on the teaching of popular literature. Designed for classroom use by students of literature and film (and their teachers), it offers case studies in quest literature, detective fiction, the status of the outlaw and outsider, and the interdependence of self, other and the uncanny. It challenges perceived notions of, and prejudices against, popular literature, and affirms its connection with the deepest human experiences.
Nights of the Living Dead
In 1968, the world experienced a brand-new kind of terror with the debut of George A. Romero’s landmark movie Night of the Living Dead. The newly dead rose to attack the living. Not as vampires or werewolves. This was something new . . . and terrifying. Since then, zombies have invaded every aspect of popular culture. But it all started on that dreadful night in a remote farmhouse. . . . Nights of the Living Dead returns to that night, to the outbreak, to where it all began. New York Times bestselling author Jonathan Maberry teams with the godfather of the living dead himself, George A. Romero, to present a collection of all-new tales set during the forty-eight hours of that legendary outbreak. Nights of the Living Dead includes stories by some of today’s most important writers: Brian Keene, Carrie Ryan, Chuck Wendig, Craig E. Engler, David J. Schow, David Wellington, Isaac Marion, Jay Bonansinga, Joe R. Lansdale, John A. Russo, John Skipp, Keith R.A. DeCandido, Max Brallier, Mike Carey, Mira Grant, Neal and Brenda Shusterman, and Ryan Brown. Plus original stories by Romero and Maberry! For anyone who loves scary stories, take a bite out of this!
Impacts of Intersection Treatments and Traffic Characteristics on Bicyclist Safety
This study assessed the safety impact and performance of three different bicycle-specific intersection treatments (bike boxes, mixing zones, and bicycle signals) using surrogate safety measures (i.e., bicycle-vehicle conflicts and other non-crash measures). To date, limited research had been conducted to analyze how these treatments along with traffic characteristics (e.g., bicycle, pedestrian, and vehicle volumes) impact the frequency and severity bicycle-vehicle conflicts, and research was needed to provide practitioners guidance on when and where to install these treatments. To develop this guidance, this project analyzed data collected from three sources: data reduced from videos at 12 field study sites, microsimulation modeling, and a bicycling simulator experiment. Through estimation of Poisson regression models and other statistical analyses of these data, guidance was developed which provides practitioners information on when and where to consider installation of these treatments based on bicycle, vehicle, and pedestrian volumes, road user speeds, and other bicyclist behavioral characteristics.
Report of the Treasurer for the Year Ended December 31, 2018
The income that supports the activities of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) comes from two major sources: program revenue received from sponsors to pay for the myriad studies and other activities undertaken each year by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, and a much smaller sum that is obtained from our endowment under the endowment spending policies adopted by the Council. The goal of the endowment is to provide stable support for the Academy's programs and activities. To achieve this goal, the Council, acting on the recommendations of the Finance Committee, has historically authorized spending from the portfolio at a rate designed to maintain the purchasing power of the endowment over time. This Report of the Treasurer of the National Academy of Sciences presents the financial position and results of operations as well as a review of the endowment, trust, and other long-term investments portfolio activities of our Academy for the year ended December 31, 2018. While this book provides essential financial summary to key personnel, it also serves as a vital informative resource for various members of the public, private, and governmental sectors.
