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Mitochondrial Complexome Reveals Quality-control Pathways of Protein Import
Abstract: Mitochondria have crucial roles in cellular energetics, metabolism, signalling and quality control1,2,3,4. They contain around 1,000 different proteins that often assemble into complexes and supercomplexes such as respiratory complexes and preprotein translocases1,3,4,5,6,7. The composition of the mitochondrial proteome has been characterized1,3,5,6; however, the organization of mitochondrial proteins into stable and dynamic assemblies is poorly understood for major parts of the proteome1,4,7. Here we report quantitative mapping of mitochondrial protein assemblies using high-resolution complexome profiling of more than 90% of the yeast mitochondrial proteome, termed MitCOM. An anal...
Mitochondria Biology
Methods in Cell Biology Volume 155 provides an update on the step-by-step "how-to" methods to study mitochondrial structure, function and biogenesis contained in the first two editions. As in the previous editions, biochemical, cell biological, and genetic approaches are presented along with sample results, interpretations, and pitfalls for each method. New chapters in this update include Isolation of Mitochondria and Analysis of Mitochondrial Compartments, Isolation of Mitochondria from Animal Cells and Yeast, Isolation and Characterization of Mitochondria-Associated ER Membranes, Import of Proteins into Mitochondria, Proximity Labeling Methods to Assess Protein-Protein Interactions in Yeast Mitochondria, and more. Provides a step-by-step "cookbook" presentation as written by leaders in the field Covers longstanding methods that have shaped the field Includes the newest technologies and methods
Sulfur Sequestration Promotes Multicellularity During Nutrient Limitation
Abstract: The behaviour of Dictyostelium discoideum depends on nutrients1. When sufficient food is present these amoebae exist in a unicellular state, but upon starvation they aggregate into a multicellular organism2,3. This biology makes D. discoideum an ideal model for investigating how fundamental metabolism commands cell differentiation and function. Here we show that reactive oxygen species--generated as a consequence of nutrient limitation--lead to the sequestration of cysteine in the antioxidant glutathione. This sequestration limits the use of the sulfur atom of cysteine in processes that contribute to mitochondrial metabolism and cellular proliferation, such as protein translation and the activity of enzymes that contain an iron-sulfur cluster. The regulated sequestration of sulfur maintains D. discoideum in a nonproliferating state that paves the way for multicellular development. This mechanism of signalling through reactive oxygen species highlights oxygen and sulfur as simple signalling molecules that dictate cell fate in an early eukaryote, with implications for responses to nutrient fluctuations in multicellular eukaryotes
Protein Targeting to Mitochondria
A large number of newly-synthesized polypeptides must cross one or several intracellular membranes to reach their functional locations in the eukaryotic cell. The mechanisms of protein trafficking, in particular the post-translational targeting and membrane translocation of proteins, are of fundamental biological importance and are the focus of intensive research world-wide. For more than 15 years, mitochondria have served as the paradigm organelle system to study these processes. Although key questions, such as how precisely proteins cross a membrane, still remain to be answered, exciting progress has been made in understanding the basic pathways of protein import into mitochondria and the ...
Canadian Geography
Canadian Geography: A Scholarly Bibliography is a compendium of published works on geographical studies of Canada and its various provinces. It includes works on geographical studies of Canada as a whole, on multiple provinces, and on individual provinces. Works covered include books, monographs, atlases, book chapters, scholarly articles, dissertations, and theses. The contents are organized first by region into main chapters, and then each chapter is divided into sections: General Studies, Cultural and Social Geography, Economic Geography, Historical Geography, Physical Geography, Political Geography, and Urban Geography. Each section is further sub-divided into specific topics within each main subject. All known publications on the geographical studies of Canada—in English, French, and other languages—covering all types of geography are included in this bibliography. It is an essential resource for all researchers, students, teachers, and government officials needing information and references on the varied aspects of the environments and human geographies of Canada.
Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC)
Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC): Methods and Protocols provides a synopsis of a large array of different SILAC methods by presenting a set of protocols that have been established by renowned scientists and their working groups. These include methods and protocols for the labeling of various model organisms as well as advanced strategies relying on SILAC, e.g. for the analysis of protein interactions, the mapping of posttranslational modifications or the characterization of subcellular proteomes. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC): Methods and Protocols will serve students and experienced scientists alike as a valuable reference of how to make use of the SILAC technology for their own research.
Protein Biosynthesis in Eukaryotes
vi The word ppotein, coined one and a half century ago from the 1TpOTE:toa ("proteios" = of primary importance), underlines the "primary importance" ascribed to proteins from the time they were described as biochemical entities. But the unmatched compl~xity of the process involved in their biosynthesis was (understandably) overlooked. Indeed, protein biosynthesis was supposed to be nothing more than the reverse of protein degradation, and the same enzymes known to split a protein into its constituent amino acids were thought to be able, under adequate conditions, to reconstitute the peptide bond. This oversimplified view persisted for more than 50 years: It was just in 1940 that Borsook and ...
