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Electrophysiology of Unconventional Channels and Pores
This book is dedicated to the channels and pores that belong to an eclectic and ubiquitous class of unconventional - perhaps at times strange - pore-forming molecules, which nevertheless play fundamental roles in various organisms. These non-canonical channels may take on various and sometimes complex architectures, such as large beta-barrels or lipid-containing pores. They may originate from bacteria, viruses or intracellular organelles. For some of them, the physiologically relevant substrate may indeed be ions, and for others folded polypeptides. Some are released by cells in a soluble form that has the ability to insert into biological membranes to exert its permeabilizing effect. Many of these unconventional pores have been investigated by electrophysiology, which, by its virtue of focusing on a few or even a single unit, has provided invaluable insight into the mechanisms and structure-function relationships of these remarkable membrane entities. The chapters of this book highlight a representative set of these interesting investigations.
CNS Injuries
The basic science of the cellular and molecular responses of the brain to injury is a rapidly expanding area of research that provides evidence of growing opportunities for pharmacological intervention in the clinic. CNS Injuries: Cellular Responses and Pharmacological Strategies is an up-to-date examination of new developments in our understanding of the cellular and trophic responses to CNS injuries and the potential treatment. This text collates reviews of the most important areas of study regarding injury response including inflammatory and immune reactions scarring neuron death demyelination and remyelination axonal regeneration re-establishment of neuronal connectivity Providing a record of recent advances that will help point the way to future developments, this enlightening reference is sure to benefit researchers and practitioners in a broad range of disciplines, including: neurology, pharmacology, pathology, toxicology, immunology, and many others.
Mitochondria
Mitochondrial Genomics and Proteomics Protocols offers a broad collection of methods for studying the molecular biology, function, and features of mitochondria. In the past decade, mitochondrial research has elucidated the important influence of mitochondrial processes on integral cell processes such as apoptosis and cellular aging. This practical guide presents a wide spectrum of mitochondrial methods, each written by specialists with solid experience and intended for implementation by novice and expert researchers alike. Part I introduces major experimental model systems and discusses their specific advantages and limitations for functional analysis of mitochondria. The concise overview of...
Reformation Sources
Except perhaps for Wittenberg, no place in the German Empire played a greater role in the early Reformation than the free imperial city of Strasbourg. This volume presents the results of a workshop on the correspondence of a major figure in the Strasbourg Reformation, Wolfgang Capito. The collection includes interpretive essays, text editions of two Capito works and documents of a lawsuit that affected his establishment in the city, as well as studies of the problems of producing modern editions of Capito himself and his contemporaries Erasmus, Bucer, Bullinger, and Beza. Readers will find fresh insights into the intellectual, religious, and political world of southwestern Germany in the early sixteenth century.
From Radicals to Survivors
This is the first extensive study of Strasbourg's diverse religious nonconformists beyond 1543, and the first to explore their continuities and discontinuities over two generations. Based on vast archival records in Strasbourg and secondary sources, it moves beyond the political and theological emphases of earlier works to include social history, portraits of village life, and the second generation to 1570. Derksen finds that second generation nonconformists were substantially different from the first. Their social profile changed; from an urban mix of leaders, intellectuals and artisans, they became largely rural folk composed of lower class artisans. Further, in outlook their view narrowed...
An Early MtUPR: Redistribution of the Nuclear Transcription Factor Rox1 to Mitochondria Protects Against Intramitochondrial Proteotoxic Aggregates
Abstract: The mitochondrial proteome is built mainly by import of nuclear-encoded precursors, which are targeted mostly by cleavable presequences. Presequence processing upon import is essential for proteostasis and survival, but the consequences of dysfunctional protein maturation are unknown. We find that impaired presequence processing causes accumulation of precursors inside mitochondria that form aggregates, which escape degradation and unexpectedly do not cause cell death. Instead, cells survive via activation of a mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR)-like pathway that is triggered very early after precursor accumulation. In contrast to classical stress pathways, this immediate response maintains mitochondrial protein import, membrane potential, and translation through translocation of the nuclear HMG-box transcription factor Rox1 to mitochondria. Rox1 binds mtDNA and performs a TFAM-like function pivotal for transcription and translation. Induction of early mtUPR provides a reversible stress model to mechanistically dissect the initial steps in mtUPR pathways with the stressTFAM Rox1 as the first line of defense
