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Impacts of COVID-19 on Myanmar’s poultry sector: Implications for achieving the sustainable development goals
This paper analyzes the impact of COVID-19 on two types of poultry production systems, broilers and layers, in Myanmar using five waves of telephone surveys from June to August 2020. The surveys were implemented with 269 poultry farms previously surveyed in 2019. The slow supply response of layer farms to increased egg demand after the initial COVID-19 shocks has resulted in higher egg prices for consumers. This, in turn, has affected nutritional intake, making it more difficult for Myanmar to achieve the second Sustainable Development Goal of ending hunger and malnutrition by 2030. Within both broiler and layer production systems are found both integrated poultry and fish farms and pure poultry farms. For layer farms, integration of poultry production with fish has provided a buffer against risk; the bankruptcy rate among integrated layer-fish farms was much lower than among pure layer farms. However, such advantages of integration of poultry with fish production are not seen for broiler farms.
Project-level Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture: results from cognitive testing in Myanmar
When designing and evaluating policies and projects for women’s empowerment, appropriate indicators are needed. This paper reports on the lessons learned from two rounds of pretesting and cognitive testing of the project-level Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (pro-WEAI) in a total of five States/Regions in Myanmar. We assess if respondents understand the modules as intended and which questions require modification based on the cultural context. We find that the questions also present in the abbreviated WEAI are generally well understood, particularly on instrumental and group agency. The challenge to respond to hypothetical and abstract questions did become apparent in the domain...
A gender-transformative response to COVID-19 in Myanmar
On 27 April, the Myanmar Government published the COVID-19 Economic Relief Plan (CERP) which aims to mitigate COVID-19’s impact on the macroeconomic environment and the private sector and to ease the impact on laborers, workers, and households. The CERP action plan should pay explicit attention to gender discrepancies to avoid unintentional harm or aggravating existing gender inequalities.
Monitoring the impact of COVID-19 in Myanmar: Yangon peri-urban poultry farmers - November 2020 survey round
Poultry farmers in Myanmar were interviewed by telephone in early June, late June, early July, late July, and August 2020 to determine how their businesses were being affected by COVID-19 related restrictions. The results of those surveys were published in Myanmar Strategy Support Program Policy Notes 11, 13, 19, 21, and 28, respectively. To trace the continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their economic activities, a sixth round of the phone survey of poultry farmers was done in November 2020. The sixth round sample included 226 poultry farmers (162 broiler and 64 layer farms) in the Yangon peri-urban area (Ayeyarwady, Bago, and Yangon regions) who had been interviewed in the first five rounds of the survey. The same survey questionnaire was used. This survey round is three months after the August survey round, so most broiler farms should have finished a full production cycle between the two last survey rounds. This Policy Note reports on the results of this sixth survey round.
Monitoring the impact of COVID-19 in Myanmar: Agricultural production and rural livelihoods in two irrigation schemes – October 2020 survey round
The persistent and worsening effects of the COVID-19 crisis on rural household incomes are alarming. The onset of the second wave of infections and mitigation measures in Myanmar is continuing to depress household incomes. Key findings: Almost three-quarters of the households surveyed reported lower household income than usual in August and September. In addition to a drought and lack of irrigation water limiting crop production in August and September, 22 percent of farmers experienced difficulties accessing inputs and 28 percent invested less than usual in their farm due to financial constraints. A quarter of farmers experienced difficulties selling their produce, which is lower than the s...
