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Ekonomi Makro merupakan bagian dari Ilmu Ekonomi yang secara khusus mempelajari mekanisme bekerjanya perekonomian sebagai suatu keseluruhan. Dengan demikian hubungan hubungan-hubungan kausal yang ingin dipelajari oleh Ekonomi Makro pada pokoknya ialah hubungan-hubungan antar variabel-variabel ekonomi agregatif yang banyak dipersoalkan dalam Ekonomi Makro antara lain; tingkat pendapatan nasioanal, tingkat kesempatan kerja, pengeluaran konsumsi, rumah tangga, saving, investasi nasional, jumlah uang yang beredar, tingkat harga, tingkat bunga, neraca pembayaran internasional, stok kapital nasional, hutang pemerintah, angka pengganda atau multiplier dan proses percepatan atau accelerator.
Materi yang disajikan dalam buku ini dimulai dari Ruang Lingkup Ekonomi Makro, Perolehan dan Pengeluaran Nasional, Penentuan Kegiatan Ekonomi, Penawaran Uang, Kegiatan Ekonomi Nasional, Pengangguran, Inflasi dan Kebijakan Pemerintah, Kurs Valuta Asing, Neraca Pembayaran dan Kegiatan Ekonomi Terbuka, Hingga Materi Terkait Pertumbuhan Dan Pembangunan Ekonomi Nasional.
The Classic Edition of this key text highlights seminal work done in the subject of learning by modeling and offers an extensive review of the major theories, edited by one of the most influential psychologists of his generation. In his introductory essay, Bandura identifies the most important controversial issues in the field of observational learning and reviews a large body of research findings, before carefully chosen articles, written by a team of expert contributors, tackle a range of key debates in the field. Topics explored include the role of reinforcement play in observational learning, the scope of modeling influences, the types of people most susceptible to modeling influences, and the relative effectiveness of models presented in live action, in pictorial presentations, or through verbal description. Written in a lively and engaging manner, this book will be of interest to all psychology students interested in psychological modeling, as well as educators and professionals working with children.
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Fungal Wilt Diseases of Plants focuses on wilt diseases caused by the fungal genera Verticillium, Fusarium, and Ceratocystis. Special attention is given to the interactions of physiological, biochemical, and anatomical factors, as these relate to pathogenesis and mechanisms of disease resistance. Organized into 16 chapters, this book begins with a description, in a historical perspective, of the major research themes in fungal wilt diseases. It then looks into the worldwide status of this plant disease. The three subsequent chapters describe the epidemiology and life cycle of the major fungal wilt pathogens in Fusarium, Verticillium, and Ceratocystis. This book also provides an in-depth view...
Networked by Design brings together work from leading international scholars in the learning sciences that applies social network theory to teachers’ social interactions and relationships. The volume examines the direct and indirect relationships and communities that teachers navigate, as well as the models, plans, and other interventions that allow them to exercise control over these networks. Each chapter draws from case studies or latitudinal research to investigate a different intervention and its outcomes. By presenting research conducted in a variety of scales and contexts, this book offers scholars, future teachers, and leaders diverse insights into how interventions in social capital and social networks can create impactful, meaningful teaching and learning.
Since the publication of the first edition, important developments have emerged in modern mushroom biology and world mushroom production and products. The relationship of mushrooms with human welfare and the environment, medicinal properties of mushrooms, and the global marketing value of mushrooms and their products have all garnered great attenti
A timely exploration of intellectual dogmatism in politics, economics, religion, and literature—and what can be done to fight it Polarization may be pushing democracy to the breaking point. But few have explored the larger, interconnected forces that have set the stage for this crisis: namely, a rise in styles of thought, across a range of fields, that literary scholar Gary Saul Morson and economist Morton Schapiro call “fundamentalist.” In Minds Wide Shut, Morson and Schapiro examine how rigid adherence to ideological thinking has altered politics, economics, religion, and literature in ways that are mutually reinforcing and antithetical to the open-mindedness and readiness to comprom...
Early anthropological evidence for plant use as medicine is 60,000 years old as reported from the Neanderthal grave in Iraq. The importance of plants as medicine is further supported by archeological evidence from Asia and the Middle East. Today, around 1.4 billion people in South Asia alone have no access to modern health care, and rely instead on traditional medicine to alleviate various symptoms. On a global basis, approximately 50 to 80 thousand plant species are used either natively or as pharmaceutical derivatives for life-threatening conditions that include diabetes, hypertension and cancers. As the demand for plant-based medicine rises, there is an unmet need to investigate the quali...