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The collection contains printed broadsides and pamphlets reflecting most of the major developments in the Roman Republic: an introduction of the semi-republican constitution, the Statuto Fondamentale, by Pope Pius IX in March 1848; notices of growing republican sentiment, Italian nationalism and civil unrest in the spring and summer of 1848; documents from nascent republican institutions in the winter of 1848-1849; the meeting of the Constituent Assembly and the proclamation of the Roman Republic in February 1849; the republican government's efforts to establish its authority and initiate reforms, particularly in the law; the appointment of the Triumvirate in March 1849; the defense of Rome against French forces, April-June 1849; and the collapse of the Republic at the end of June 1849.
The monastery of Monte Cassino, founded by St. Benedict in the sixth century, was the cradle of Western monasticism. It became one of the vital centers of culture and learning in Europe. At the height of its influence, in the eleventh and early twelfth centuries, two of its abbots (including Desiderius) and one of its monks became popes, and it controlled a vast network of dependencies--churches, monasteries, villages, and farms--especially in central and southern Italy. Herbert Bloch's study, the product of forty years of research, takes as its starting point the twelfth-century bronze doors of the basilica of the abbey, the most significant relic of the medieval structure. The panels of th...