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Inspection and control of the fundef: action of the agencies of the state and the assistance counselors and social control in the cities of duque de caxias and rio de janeiro
Este estudo promove uma avaliação sobre o FUNDEF- Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento do Ensino Fundamental e de Valorização do Magistério, principal política de financiamento da educação pública brasileira nos anos 90, observando os diversos processos de controle e fiscalização, fundamentalmente, exercidos pelos CACSs - Conselhos de Acompanhamento e Controle Social do FUNDEF, compreendendo as ações destes Conselhos nas suas três instâncias : União, Estado do Rio de Janeiro e, em especial, nos municípios de Duque de Caxias e Rio de Janeiro.
Fiscal Responsibility Legislation and Fiscal Adjustment
Abstract: "This paper discusses trends in fiscal adjustment in Brazil since the 1990s, with particular emphasis on the strengthening of institutions for fiscal policymaking, and its effect on local government finances and their ability to invest in infrastructure building and upgrading. Although fiscal adjustment, which is ongoing, has taken a toll on the government's ability to finance much-needed infrastructure investment, it is not the only culprit. A lack of budget flexibility, against a backdrop of increasing downward rigidities in current spending, also constrains the government's ability to invest. The paper argues that regulatory uncertainty in many sectors, particularly water and sanitation, in which the municipalities play a leading role, has discouraged private sector investment and that the financing of infrastructure building and upgrading goes beyond the municipal level of government. Higher-level jurisdictions are responsible for financing investment in energy and transport infrastructure, for example."--World Bank web site.
Decentralization and Recentralization in the Developing World
In the 1980s and 1990s, much of the developing world experienced transitions to democracy accompanied by economic liberalization and decentralization of power to subnational governmental bodies. The process of decentralization has been studied intensively, but little attention has been paid so far to the recentralization that has occurred in some countries in the past decade. In this book, J. Tyler Dickovick seeks to illuminate how the processes of decentralization and recentralization are interrelated and what the dynamics of each is. He argues that decentralization occurs as a result of the decline in the power of the presidency, whereas recentralization occurs when the president resolves ...
Programming Languages and Systems
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th Asian Symposium on Programming Languages and Systems, APLAS 2013, held in Melbourne, Australia, in December 2013. The 20 regular papers presented together with the abstracts of 3 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 57 submissions. The papers cover a variety of foundational and practical issues in programming languages and systems.
Meeting the Challenges of Secondary Education in Latin America and East Asia
In a context of increased primary school enrollment rates, secondary education is appearing as the next big challenge for Latin American and East Asian countries. This report seeks to undertake a detailed diagnostic of secondary education in these two regions, understand some of the main constraints to the expansion and improvement of secondary education, and suggest policy options to address these constraints, with focus on policies that improve the mobilization and use of resources.
OECD Territorial Reviews: Brazil 2013
This review, which draws on data and comparative perspectives from OECD countries, highlights challenges that Brazil will need to tackle.
Handbook of Comparative Education Law
Each of the four volumes in this set, as well as each volume independently, provide comparative analyses for researches, practitioners, and students of the law and education in examining law and education in various countries around the world. Designed to allow readers to learn from, rather than copy, the legal and educational systems in these volumes, the books are designed to generate thought and conversation on how education can be improved around the world. By having chapter authors, leading academicians in the home countries, follow the same template so it can be easier to compare similarities and differences, thereby helping to make the book user friendly. The value of these books is that they should help to enhance international awareness of the similarities and advantages associated with bringing together knowledge from various countries concerning education law. Volume 4, encompassing Selected Nations in Africa and the Americas, namely Brazil, Canada, Mauritius, United States, South Africa and Venezuela, consists of detailed analysis of educational law and systems in these representative countries so researchers and students there and elsewhere can learn from one another.
Achieving World-Class Education in Brazil
Over the past 15 years, Brazil has introduced a consistent program of reforms of its education system, progressively aligning the educational attainment of its labor force with that of other middle income countries and introducing advanced student assessment and monitoring systems.
