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Uma breve história da linguística
Uma breve história da linguística apresenta, logo de partida, uma discussão introdutória dedicada a caracterizar a linguagem por sua pluralidade de facetas, todas importantes para o estudo e definição da linguagem. O texto segue com uma reflexão sobre a origem das línguas e sua diversidade, considerando desde posições filosóficas até investigações de natureza mais objetiva, como a reconstrução linguística proposta pelos comparativistas. Também são apresentadas ao leitor outras visões acerca da linguagem humana, guiadas por diferentes pressupostos: lógicos, biológicos, mentalistas e culturais. Além disso, a obra aborda e problematiza em detalhe a relação entre a linguagem humana e outros sistemas naturais de comunicação. Discute ainda a visão de dois grandes nomes da linguística moderna, Saussure e Chomsky, em relação à significação e, por fim, aborda a trajetória das definições de sinonímia ao longo da história da cultura ocidental, desde a visão aristotélica até o século XX.
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Confronting Metaphor in Use
It is timely for researchers to approach metaphor as social and situated, as a matter of language and discourse, and not just as a matter of thought. Over the last twenty five years, scholars have come to appreciate in depth the cognitive, motivated and embodied nature of metaphor, but have tended to background the linguistic form of metaphor and have largely ignored how this connects to its role in the discourses in which our lives are constructed and lived. This book brings language and social dimensions into the picture, offering snapshots of metaphor use in real language and in real lives across the very different cultures of Europe and Brazil and contributing to the theorizing of metaphor in discourse.
Function and Class in Linguistic Description
This book deals with the traditional problem of the classification of linguistic units, with a primary focus on word classes. The approach is descriptive rather than theoretical, and is based on the use of distinctive features analogous to the ones used in phonology, which entails a radical reworking of the traditional classification. The first part presents some basic notions such as the use of distinctive features and the role of word classes in grammar; classification by prototypes; and the use of world knowledge as a resource to assign thematic relations to constituents in the sentence. In the second part, some descriptive problems are examined, namely the classification of verbs according to valency; connectives, adverbs, and the internal constituents of the NP; and the classification of units larger than words. This book will be of use as a guide for linguists working on the description of natural languages, as well as a resource for students on courses in linguistic theory and description.
Revisiting Metaphors in International Relations Theory
This book presents an analysis of how metaphors are essential elements in the study of international relations. It acknowledges the fact that theory and practice in international relations often rest on common metaphorical concepts which have implications for the ways people around the world pursue their lives. Because of the increased attention metaphors have received as integral elements in political discourse, there is a need to investigate metaphorical concepts that are not neutral in their implications for understanding international relations. Inasmuch as government policy is shaped by metaphorical concepts that originate in the academic realm, and given that scholarly works are therefore partially involved in inspiring policy, the author subjects a range of metaphors in international relations theory to critical interrogation.
O vírus bandido
Este livro mostra como a linguagem e as metáforas utilizadas no Brasil sobre a covid-19 – incêndio, avalanche, tsunami, erupção, enchente, furacão – ajudaram a criar uma visão de mundo na qual se destacava o confronto entre a sociedade e um vírus traiçoeiro. O conflito ideológico e identitário entre progressistas e conservadores não foi, contudo, entre uma linguagem não identitária (que representava o vírus como um inimigo) e uma linguagem identitária (que caracterizava os conservadores). A luta contra o vírus esteve ancorada em princípios universalistas, ao passo que o discurso conservador baseou-se em princípios particularistas. O livro procura explicar por que grande...
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