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Nano- and Microparticle-Induced Cell Death, Inflammation and Immune Responses
Nano- and microparticles including crystals, synthetic biomaterials, misfolded proteins or environmental particulates are involved in a wide range of biological processes and diseases. They may present as intrinsic or environmental toxins but may also be applied intentionally, e.g. as immune adjuvants, drug carriers or ion exchangers. The discovery that a wide range of nano- and microparticles share the capacity to induce IL-1β secretion via activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in dendritic cells and macrophages has led to the hypothesis that nano- and microparticles may contribute in a uniform mechanistic manner to different disease entities. Other molecular mechanisms triggered by a range...
Toxoplasma Gondii Host Interactions: A Story of Immune Attack and Parasite Counterattack
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that can infect all warm-blooded animals, including an estimated ~30% of humans. It can cause severe disease in immune-suppressed individuals and in fetuses as well as blinding chorioretinitis in adults and children. Toxoplasma-innate immune system interactions determine early parasite control and activation of the adaptive immune system by the host and are therefore critical in determining host survival during the acute phase of infection. However, induction of an exaggerated inflammatory response can also lead to pathology. Only the chronic tissue cyst form of Toxoplasma is orally infectious. It is therefore critical for the parasiteâ...
Targeting the Broadly Pathogenic Kynurenine Pathway
Tryptophan metabolism via kynurenine pathway plays a critical role in both health and a variety of human diseases. This book highlights the known associations between kynurenine pathway and various disease states, as well as examines the current status of drug development and clinical trials of compounds known to alter tryptophan metabolism. The research plays a critical role in molecular targeted therapies directed at altering the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism. The initial and rate-limiting step of tryptophan metabolism is mediated by one of two enzymes, tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO; predominantly in the liver, but also in the brain) and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO; in...
An Epidemic of Absence
A controversial, revisionist approach to autoimmune and allergic disorders considers the perspective that the human immune system has been disabled by twentieth-century hygiene and medical practices.
Case Reports in General Cardiovascular Medicine: 2022
This Research Topic aims to collect all the Case Reports submitted to the General Cardiovascular Medicine section. All the Case Reports submitted to this collection will be personally assessed by the Specialty Chief Editor before the beginning of the peer-review process. Please make sure your article adheres to the following guidelines before submitting it. Case Reports highlight unique cases of patients that present with an unexpected diagnosis, treatment outcome, or clinical course. Only Case Reports that are original and significantly advance the field will be considered: 1) RARE case with TYPICAL features 2) FREQUENT case with ATYPICAL features 3) Cases with a convincing response to new treatments, i.e. single case of off-label use
What do we know about COVID-19 implications for cardiovascular disease?
he coronavirus epidemic is a major concern for each one of us, whether we figure among the regular citizens, those affected by the disease, or those involved in their treatment. Much has already been said, however, there is still a lack of profound understanding regarding specific situations, such as the interaction between the virus and the cardiovascular system. We have read that elderly people with coronary artery disease, diabetes or hypertension as well as those with a history of stroke may have a higher risk of being infected, seem to be more severely affected than other persons, and have a higher mortality rate. But other infections, flus and stress situations have previously been shown to also affect the risk and prognosis of patients with cardiovascular disease, through myocarditis, arrhythmias, acute coronary syndromes, acute heart failure or cardiogenic shock.
