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This collection offers a new understanding of the epistemology of measurement. The interdisciplinary volume explores how measurements are produced, for example, in astronomy and seismology, in studies of human sexuality and ecology, in brain imaging and intelligence testing. It considers photography as a measurement technology and Henry David Thoreau's poetic measures as closing the gap between mind and world. By focusing on measurements as the hard-won results of conceptual as well as technical operations, the authors of the book no longer presuppose that measurement is always and exclusively a means of representing some feature of a target object or entity. Measurement also provides knowledge about the degree to which things have been standardized or harmonized – it is an indicator of how closely human practices are attuned to each other and the world.
The application of standard measurement is a cornerstone of modern science. In this collection of essays, standardization of procedure, units of measurement and the epistemology of standardization are addressed by specialists from sociology, history and the philosophy of science.
Are science and technology independent of one another? Is technology dependent upon science, and if so, how is it dependent? Is science dependent upon technology, and if so how is it dependent? Or, are science and technology becoming so interdependent that the line dividing them has become totally erased? This book charts the history of technoscience from the late nineteenth century to the end of the twentieth century and shows how the military–industrial–academic complex and big science combined to create new examples of technoscience in such areas as the nuclear arms race, the space race, the digital age, and the new worlds of nanotechnology and biotechnology.
This broad and insightful book presents current scholarship in important subfields of philosophy of science and addresses an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary readership. It groups carefully selected contributions into the four fields of I) philosophy of physics, II) philosophy of life sciences, III) philosophy of social sciences and values in science, and IV) philosophy of mathematics and formal modeling. Readers will discover research papers by Paul Hoyningen-Huene, Keizo Matsubara, Kian Salimkhani, Andrea Reichenberger, Anne Sophie Meincke, Javier Suárez, Roger Deulofeu, Ludger Jansen, Peter Hucklenbroich, Martin Carrier, Elizaveta Kostrova, Lara Huber, Jens Harbecke, Antonio Picco...
The essays in this collection explore our reliance on experts within a historical context and across a wide range of fields, including agriculture, engineering, health sciences and labour management. Contributors argue that experts were highly aware of their audiences and used performance to gain both scientific and popular support.
Focusing on cell dynamics, molecular medicine and robotics, contributors explore the interplay between biological, technological and theoretical ways of thinking. The collection makes a strong contribution to current debates in the philosophy of science and the changing role of scientific practice.
Preface: The frailty of commodity chains -- From head to toe -- From the designer's point of view. From "the global" to "the girl" ; When is a shoe a shoe? -- Feet and fit. The world at her fit: scale-making, uniqueness, and standardization ; Cinderella on the Pearl River Delta: who has the power to translate? -- The global in the rearview mirror -- Interlude: a landscape of factories ; The ruins and rubble of Novo Hamburgo: skill and melancholia in a global shoe town -- Conclusion: what did we learn about globalization by looking at shoes? -- Coda: shoe is a gipsy business.
Philosophy strives to give us a firmer hold on our concepts. But what about their hold on us? Why place ourselves under the sway of a concept and grant it the authority to shape our thought and conduct? Another conceptualization would carry different implications. What makes one way of thinking better than another? The Ethics of Conceptualization develops a framework for concept appraisal. Its guiding idea is that to question the authority of concepts is to ask for reasons of a special kind: reasons for concept use, which tell us which concepts to adopt, adhere to, or abandon, thereby shoring up—or undercutting—the reasons for action and belief that guide our deliberations. Traditionally...
Nutritional knowledge between the lab and the field : the search for dietary norms in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries / Elizabeth Neswald -- How vegetarians, naturopaths, scientists, and physicians unmade the protein standard in modern Germany / Corinna Treitel -- Of carnivores and conquerors : French nutritional debates in the Age of Empire, 1890-1914 / Deborah Neill -- Setting standards : the soldier's food in Germany, 1850-1960 / Ulrike Thoms -- The quest for a nutritional El Dorado : efforts to demonstrate dietary impacts on resistance to infectious disease in the 1920s and 1930s / David F. Smith -- Not a complete food for man? : the controversy about white versus wholemeal bread in interwar Britain / Ina Zweiniger-Bargielowska -- Proscribing deception? : the Gould net weight amendment and the origins of mandatory nutrition labeling / Suzanne Junod -- When is a famine not a famine? Gauging Indian hunger in Imperial and Cold War contexts / Nick Cullather