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In vitro fertilization has resulted in an estimated 4000-5000 births in the world. The procedure has been accepted in Europe, America and Australia and several hundred IVF clinics are operating successfully. The newer procedures of GIFf, embryo freezing and donor oocyte IVF have become established and are dealt with in several chapters. GIFf has become the procedure of choice for patients with infertility of unknown origin. Oocyte freezing represents an important new technology which is being developed. The routine IVF procedure has improved slightly; variation in results can be reduced by quality control of laboratory and clinical techniques. Male factor infertility has been dealt with by I...
Istanbul is one of the largest and most dynamic metropolises on the European continent. In the context of processes of globalization and local urban planning projects urban space is continously contested. In this anthology forms, meanings and images of these urban spaces are discussed by architects, historians, and social scientists. Through interdisciplinary approaches of theory and case studies the book delivers a deep insight into the construction and constitution of public spaces and spheres in contemporary Istanbul.
This book provides system developers and researchers in natural language processing and computational linguistics with the necessary background information for working with the Arabic language. The goal is to introduce Arabic linguistic phenomena and review the state-of-the-art in Arabic processing. The book discusses Arabic script, phonology, orthography, morphology, syntax and semantics, with a final chapter on machine translation issues. The chapter sizes correspond more or less to what is linguistically distinctive about Arabic, with morphology getting the lion's share, followed by Arabic script. No previous knowledge of Arabic is needed. This book is designed for computer scientists and linguists alike. The focus of the book is on Modern Standard Arabic; however, notes on practical issues related to Arabic dialects and languages written in the Arabic script are presented in different chapters. Table of Contents: What is "Arabic"? / Arabic Script / Arabic Phonology and Orthography / Arabic Morphology / Computational Morphology Tasks / Arabic Syntax / A Note on Arabic Semantics / A Note on Arabic and Machine Translation
This timely book calls for a paradigm shift in urban transport, which remains one of the critically uncertain aspects of the sustainability transformation of our societies. It argues that the potential of human scale thinking needs to be recognised, both in understanding people on the move in the city and within various organisations responsible for cities.
A hot topic with increasing importance Integrating contemporary scientific developments with practical management Written by leaders in the field of pediatric diabetes with extensive practical knowledge
This book discusses the state of the art of automated essay scoring, its challenges and its potential. One of the earliest applications of artificial intelligence to language data (along with machine translation and speech recognition), automated essay scoring has evolved to become both a revenue-generating industry and a vast field of research, with many subfields and connections to other NLP tasks. In this book, we review the developments in this field against the backdrop of Elias Page's seminal 1966 paper titled "The Imminence of Grading Essays by Computer." Part 1 establishes what automated essay scoring is about, why it exists, where the technology stands, and what are some of the main...
at Urban, Regional and Global Scales Proceedings of the 10th Regional IUAPPA Conference on Air Quality Management (IUAPPA-10), Gümüssuyu, Istanbul, Turkey, September 1997
This volume seeks to investigate how humour translation has developed since the beginning of the 21st century, focusing in particular on new ways of communication. The authors, drawn from a range of countries, cultures and academic traditions, address and debate how today’s globalised communication, media and new technologies are influencing and shaping the translation of humour. Examining both how humour translation exploits new means of communication and how the processes of humour translation may be challenged and enhanced by technologies, the chapters cover theoretical foundations and implications, and methodological practices and challenges. They include a description of current research or practice, and comments on possible future developments. The contributions interconnect around the issue of humour creation and translation in the 21st century, which can truly be labelled as the age of multimedia. Accessible and engaging, this is essential reading for advanced students and researchers in Translation Studies and Humour Studies.
The book contains diverse topics such as stock valuation, risk management, gender diversity, work place spirituality, consumer behaviour, etc.