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BAT for combustion and incineration residues in a Circular Economy
Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2022-542/ Combustion of biomass and incineration of solid waste and sewage sludge are important parts of the energy production and waste management infrastructure in most of the Nordic countries, but they also produce substantial quantities of residual waste in terms of bottom ash, fly ash and flue gas cleaning residues which contain potentially harmful substances in various amounts. Preferably, the ashes and residues should be treated and utilised as part of the Circular Economy. The project provides an overview of the utilisation options, including environmental and treatment requirements, and of the associated technical and regulatory frameworks and practical conditions of utilisation. Compliance of combinations of treatments and applications of ashes and residues with Best Available Techniques (BAT) has been assessed, and seven Nordic BAT candidates have been proposed and described in detail.
Ecotoxic properties of ashes in hazardous waste classification: Adaption of the tranformation/ dissolution (T/D) protocol for assessment of ecotoxic properties of waste ashes
Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2022-525/ Waste classification significantly influences the entire management and recycling chain of waste. There is a lack of clear guidance on how to perform the ecotoxicity testing for hazardous waste classification. In this study, a method based on the CLP principles has been adapted for MSWI ashes for the assessment of the HP14 property.
End-of-Waste Criteria for Construction & Demolition Waste
This report presents the situation within the Nordic countries with respect to production and recycling of construction and demolition waste, in particular crushed concrete, in the form of aggregates, and discusses the conditions and requirements relating to environmental impacts for a possible application of the End-of-Waste option in the Waste Framework Directive. If this option is applied, the material may become a product and it will no longer be regulated by waste legislation. Regulation of crushed concrete under product legislation presents a number of challenges, particularly with respect to environmental protection. The report presents and proposes a methodology for the setting of leaching and risk-based criteria to be fulfilled by crushed concrete (and other waste aggregates) in order to obtain End-of-Waste status. It is further recommended to set impact-reducing conditions on the use of materials obtaining End-of-Waste criteria, and not to allow free use. It should be noted that the work described in this report was carried out during the period from 2010 to 2012.
Bästa tillgängliga teknik (BAT) för nordisk betongindustri
På uppdrag av Nordiska ministerrådets BAT-grupp, har RISE CBI Betonginstitutet tillsammans med Vahanen Environment Oy genomfört ett projekt om bästa tillgängliga teknik (BAT) för den nordiska betongindustrin. Syftet med projektet har varit att • göra en översyn och beskriva betongindustrin i Norden • beskriva de tekniker som används i branschen • definiera och beskriva de viktigaste miljöaspekterna ur ett nordiskt perspektiv • identifiera och beskriva tekniker som kan ingå i överväganden om BAT i betongindustrin. Informationen i rapporten kan användas av betongindustrin, miljökonsulter samt miljömyndigheter i de olika länderna. BAT-gruppen är en undergrupp till den nordiska arbetsgruppen för Hållbar Konsumtion och Produktion (HKP).
Betong i vägar
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EUROPE Model Application to Material and Energy Flows to Improve the Resource Economy
The EUROPE model is applicable to production activities that show an inflow of inputs that are transformed, followed by the discharge of a flow of products plus a residual flow. The EUROPE model can opti-mize flows through a ‘black box’, which is a certain unit with inflows and outflows. The EUROPE model promotes an increased equity for distributing natural resources to everyday citizens, as well as to the production lines of major corporations. This work shows how the EUROPE mod-el’s possible realm of applicability, step by step, has been expanded to encapsulate ever more areas of commercial interest, to improve the people’s quality of life.
Marketing and Smart Technologies
This book includes selected papers presented at the International Conference on Marketing and Technologies (ICMarkTech 2020), held at ISCTE - University Institute of Lisbon, in the city of Lisbon in Portugal, between 8 and 10 October 2020. It covers up-to-date cutting-edge research on artificial intelligence applied in marketing, virtual and augmented reality in marketing, business intelligence databases and marketing, data mining and big data, marketing data science, web marketing, e-commerce and v-commerce, social media and networking, geomarketing and IoT, marketing automation and inbound marketing, machine learning applied to marketing, customer data management and CRM, and neuromarketing technologies.
