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This book presents a comprehensive overview of important immune molecules and their structure-function relationships. The immune system is highly complex, consisting of a network of molecules, cells, tissues and organs, and the immune reaction is involved in various physiological as well as pathological processes, including development, self-tolerance, infection, immunity, and cancer. Numerous molecules participate in immune recognition, inhibition and activation, and these important immune molecules can be roughly divided into cell surface receptors, intracellular receptors and intracellular signaling molecules. The study of how these immune molecules function at molecular level has laid the foundation for understanding the immune system. The book provides researchers and students with the latest research advances concerning the structural biology of key immune molecules/pathways, and offers immunologists essential insights into how these immune molecules function.
We are pleased to introduce the 2022 Frontiers in Chemistry: Editor’s Pick collection, showcasing articles stimulating interest in the field, carefully selected in collaboration with our Field Chief Editor, Prof. Steven Suib, of University of Connecticut. With this ebook we aim to highlight and disseminate important findings across the domains of chemistry research, capturing the multidisciplinary and inclusive approach our journal takes towards advancing the field of chemistry and supporting new technological breakthroughs that help humanity live healthier lives on a healthy planet. 2021 was a year which saw our highest journal impact factor yet, international community growth, and a record-breaking number of articles to choose from. We wish to elevate the contributions made by authors, encourage readership and innovation through our open-access philosophies, and thank our Editorial Board for their continued hard work and collaboration.
The Human body is a vast network of interacting genes, proteins, and metabolites. These components, which may be considered host factors, change under disease, treatment or healthy condition. While treatment of many diseases depends on therapeutic drugs, vaccines remain the most effective long-term public health intervention to prevent infectious diseases. To date, vaccines have been developed to treat entire populations with little provision for predisposing individual host factor differences. However, the use and application of vaccines is facing multiple challenges with increasing numbers of vaccine non-responders and vaccine-relapsed individuals. The cause of this complication is partially due to host-factors. Another challenge is the adverse effects of vaccines in patients with primary immunodeficiency or autoimmune diseases, as well as vaccine-waning immunity in ageing populations, obese populations, or those with co-infection. To overcome these challenges, the solution may be the design, and formulation of precision vaccines, which are patient-specific.